Juncus arcticus |
Juncus bolanderi |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arctic rush |
Bolander's rush |
|||||||||
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, 2.5–8.5 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
2–3 mm, tuberous. |
||||||||
Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
||||||||
Cataphylls | several. |
1–2, straw-colored, apex acute. |
||||||||
Leaves | blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
basal 0–1, cauline 2–3, auricles 2–3 mm, apex acute, membranaceous; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 7–28 cm × 1–2 mm. |
||||||||
Inflorescences | lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
terminal racemes of 1–8 heads or single head, 1–13 cm, branches ascending to spreading; primary bract erect; heads 40–70-flowered, spheric, 7–11 mm diam. |
||||||||
Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
tepals dark reddish brown to light brown, lance-subulate, (2.6–)3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/4 filament length. |
||||||||
Capsules | 3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
equaling perianth or slightly included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid to oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
||||||||
Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
||||||||
Juncus arcticus |
Juncus bolanderi |
|||||||||
Phenology | Fruiting late spring–summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Swamps, marshes, stream banks, beaches, roadside meadows, and other moist or wet areas | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
|
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
|
||||||||
Discussion | Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | J. bolanderi var. riparius | |||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | Engelmann | ||||||||
Web links |
|
|