sharp rush, spiny rush
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jonc, rush
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Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose. |
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round or flattened in cross section. |
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often present at culm base. |
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sheaths open; blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute. |
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terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1–many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. |
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tepals (4–)6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2–)3–6. |
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1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal. |
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many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed. |
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AZ; CA; NV; South America; Mexico (Baja Calif); South Africa; Atlantic Islands
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Worldwide except Antarctica |
Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Flowers borne singly; bracteoles present (except J. pelocarpus, J. subtilis). | → 2 |
1. Flowers in heads; bracteoles absent. | → 4 |
2. Inflorescences appearing lateral, inflorescence bract terete, erect, appearing to be continuation of culm; basal leaves bladeless, cauline leaves absent | subg. Genuini |
2. Inflorescences appearing terminal, inflorescence bract erect or ascending, flat, involute or terete; basal leaves (at least some) usually with blade, cauline leaves present or absent. | → 3 |
3. Leaves terete, septate; capsules beaked | subg. Septati |
3. Leaves flat, involute or terete, not septate; capsule rarely beaked | subg. Poiophylli |
4. Leaves flat or ensiform. | → 5 |
4. Leaves terete or compressed. | → 6 |
5. Leaves ensiform, imperfectly septate | subg. Ensifolii |
5. Leaves flat, not septate | subg. Graminifolii |
6. Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate | subg. Alpini |
6. Capsules smaller; seeds not tailed or if tailed not long; leaves septate or not. | → 7 |
7. Leaves not septate; plants halophytic | subg. Juncus |
7. Leaves septate; plants usually of fresh water habitats | subg. Septati |
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FNA vol. 22, p. 237. |
FNA vol. 22. Authors: Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants*. |
Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Juncus |
Juncaceae |
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides |
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Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 325. (1753) |
Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 152, (1754) |
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