Juncus acutiflorus |
Juncus effusus |
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sharpflower rush |
common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, to 8 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. |
Rhizomes | 5–6 mm diam., nodes not swollen. |
short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. |
Culms | erect, terete, 3 mm diam., smooth. |
erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. |
Cataphylls | 1, straw-colored, apex acute. |
several. |
Leaves | basal 1, cauline 2; auricles 0.5 mm, apex rounded, cartilaginous; blade 7–45 cm x 1–2 mm, terete, not scabrous. |
blade absent. |
Inflorescences | terminal panicles of 70–120 heads, 6–10 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 3–5(–8)-flowered, obconic, 2–4 mm diam. |
lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. |
Flowers | tepals dark reddish brown, lanceolate, apex acuminate to subulate tipte; outer tepals 1.9–2.2 mm; inner tepals 2–2.3 mm; stamens 6, anthers 2 times filament length. |
tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | inserted with beak exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, narrowly ovoid, 2.3–2.4 mm, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence. |
greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. |
2n | = 40, 42. |
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Juncus acutiflorus |
Juncus effusus |
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Phenology | Fruiting fall. | Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Wet woods | Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | Habitat??; 0–2500 m (Habitat??; 0–8200 ft) |
Distribution |
NF; SPM; Europe; Asia; Africa |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii | |
Name authority | Ehrhart: in G. F. Hoffmann, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 125. (1791) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) |
Web links |
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