Juncus acutiflorus |
Juncus canadensis |
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sharpflower rush |
Canada rush, Canadian rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, to 8 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–10 dm. |
Rhizomes | 5–6 mm diam., nodes not swollen. |
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Culms | erect, terete, 3 mm diam., smooth. |
erect, 1–5 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | 1, straw-colored, apex acute. |
0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex rounded. |
Leaves | basal 1, cauline 2; auricles 0.5 mm, apex rounded, cartilaginous; blade 7–45 cm x 1–2 mm, terete, not scabrous. |
basal 1, cauline 2–3; auricles 1–1.2 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 7–22 cm × 1.2–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | terminal panicles of 70–120 heads, 6–10 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 3–5(–8)-flowered, obconic, 2–4 mm diam. |
panicles or racemes of 3–50 heads, 2–20 cm, branches erect to ascending; primary bract erect; heads 5–50-flowered, obconic to spheric, 3–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | tepals dark reddish brown, lanceolate, apex acuminate to subulate tipte; outer tepals 1.9–2.2 mm; inner tepals 2–2.3 mm; stamens 6, anthers 2 times filament length. |
tepals green or straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 2.7–3.8 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.9–4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3(–6), anthers 1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | inserted with beak exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, narrowly ovoid, 2.3–2.4 mm, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence. |
equaling perianth or exserted, chestnut brown, imperfectly 3-locular, lanceoloid, 3.3–4.5 mm, acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | narrowly ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
fusiform, 1.1–1.9 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
2n | = 80. |
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Juncus acutiflorus |
Juncus canadensis |
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Phenology | Fruiting fall. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Wet woods | Salt, brackish, and calcareous marshes, acid bogs, roadsides, tidal flats, swamps, patterned fen, lake shores, beaches |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
NF; SPM; Europe; Asia; Africa |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Two varieties and two forms occurring within the flora have been recognized (M. L. Fernald 1945b). Juncus canadensis var. sparsiflorus has stiffly erect inflorescence branches, and the flowers are generally longer than those of var. canadensis. These varieties simply serve to give name to parts of the broad morphologic range of variation encountered in J. canadensis and do not appear to represent any distinct biological entities. Juncus canadensis and the following three species form a distinctive group: they have ve been variously treated as speecies (as here), varieties of J. canadensis, or as two species, J. canadensis and a polymorphic species, J. brachysephalus, encompassing the other three species (B. Boivin 1967–1979, part IV). Most of the species are easily recognized at their extremes but show a fair amount of overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. longicaudatus, J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus, J. longicaudatus, J. polycephalus var. paradoxus | |
Name authority | Ehrhart: in G. F. Hoffmann, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 125. (1791) | J. Gay ex Laharpe: in J. J. C. de Laharpe, Essai Monogr. Jonc. 46. (1825) |
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