sharpflower rush
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jonc, rush
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Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, to 8 dm. |
Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose. |
5–6 mm diam., nodes not swollen. |
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erect, terete, 3 mm diam., smooth. |
round or flattened in cross section. |
1, straw-colored, apex acute. |
often present at culm base. |
basal 1, cauline 2; auricles 0.5 mm, apex rounded, cartilaginous; blade 7–45 cm x 1–2 mm, terete, not scabrous. |
sheaths open; blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute. |
terminal panicles of 70–120 heads, 6–10 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 3–5(–8)-flowered, obconic, 2–4 mm diam. |
terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1–many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. |
tepals dark reddish brown, lanceolate, apex acuminate to subulate tipte; outer tepals 1.9–2.2 mm; inner tepals 2–2.3 mm; stamens 6, anthers 2 times filament length. |
tepals (4–)6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2–)3–6. |
inserted with beak exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, narrowly ovoid, 2.3–2.4 mm, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence. |
1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal. |
narrowly ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed. |
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Fruiting fall. |
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Wet woods |
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0–10 m (0–0 ft) |
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NF; SPM; Europe; Asia; Africa |
Worldwide except Antarctica |
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Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Flowers borne singly; bracteoles present (except J. pelocarpus, J. subtilis). | → 2 |
1. Flowers in heads; bracteoles absent. | → 4 |
2. Inflorescences appearing lateral, inflorescence bract terete, erect, appearing to be continuation of culm; basal leaves bladeless, cauline leaves absent | subg. Genuini |
2. Inflorescences appearing terminal, inflorescence bract erect or ascending, flat, involute or terete; basal leaves (at least some) usually with blade, cauline leaves present or absent. | → 3 |
3. Leaves terete, septate; capsules beaked | subg. Septati |
3. Leaves flat, involute or terete, not septate; capsule rarely beaked | subg. Poiophylli |
4. Leaves flat or ensiform. | → 5 |
4. Leaves terete or compressed. | → 6 |
5. Leaves ensiform, imperfectly septate | subg. Ensifolii |
5. Leaves flat, not septate | subg. Graminifolii |
6. Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate | subg. Alpini |
6. Capsules smaller; seeds not tailed or if tailed not long; leaves septate or not. | → 7 |
7. Leaves not septate; plants halophytic | subg. Juncus |
7. Leaves septate; plants usually of fresh water habitats | subg. Septati |
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FNA vol. 22. |
FNA vol. 22. Authors: Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants*. |
Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Juncaceae |
J. acuminatus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides |
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Ehrhart: in G. F. Hoffmann, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 125. (1791) |
Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 152, (1754) |
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