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rheumatism-root, twinleaf

jeffersonia

Habit Herbs, perennial, deciduous, 1-4 dm, glabrous.
Rhizomes

short, producing 4-8 or more leaves per year.

Aerial stems

absent.

Leaves

blade 2-foliolate, often with minute apiculation between leaflets;

leaflets 1.2-4 × 0.6-2.5 cm at anthesis, maturing to 6-13 × 3-7 cm, lobes rounded to acute.

blade reniform-orbiculate in overall outline, 1.5-18 cm, leaflet margins entire to shallowly lobed;

venation palmate.

Scapes

9-33 cm, frequently taller than petioles at anthesis.

Inflorescences

terminal, solitary flowers borne on scapes.

Flowers

sepals elliptic to obovate, 7-15 × 4-6 mm;

petals white, elliptic to obovate, 11-22 × 9-12 mm;

stamens 6-12 mm;

filaments 2-3 mm;

anthers 4-9 × 1-1.5 mm;

ovaries 6-11 × 3-7 mm.

4-merous, 15-30 mm;

bracteoles absent;

sepals caducous, (3-)4(-5), petaloid;

petals 8, white [lavender];

stamens 8;

anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps;

pollen exine striate;

ovaries obovoid;

placentation marginal;

style central.

Fruits

18-38 × 8-17 mm, leathery, opening transversely, apical quarter resembling lid, becoming reflexed.

capsulelike, brownish, obovoid, with transverse or oblique dehiscence, top forming reflexed lid.

Seeds

oblong, 4-7 × 2 mm;

aril laciniate, attached at adaxial side of hilum.

10-25, red;

aril white, not enclosing seed.

x

= 6.

2n

= 12.

Jeffersonia diphylla

Jeffersonia

Phenology Flowering early spring; fruiting spring.
Habitat Rich moist woods to semiopen rocky slopes and outcrops, usually over limestone or other calcareous rocks
Elevation 100-800 m (300-2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MI; MN; NC; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
e North America and e Asia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plants of Jeffersonia diphylla were used medicinally by Native Americans for treatment of dropsy, gravel and urinary ailments, and for gall and diarrhea, and in poultices for sores and ulcers (D. E. Moermann 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 2 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3. Author: Lisa O'Rourke George.
Parent taxa Berberidaceae > Jeffersonia Berberidaceae
Subordinate taxa
J. diphylla
Synonyms Podophyllum diphyllum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Persoon: Syn. Pl. 1: 418. (1805) Barton: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3: 342, plate 1. (1793)
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