Jeffersonia diphylla |
Jeffersonia |
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rheumatism-root, twinleaf |
jeffersonia |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, deciduous, 1-4 dm, glabrous. | |
Rhizomes | short, producing 4-8 or more leaves per year. |
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Aerial stems | absent. |
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Leaves | blade 2-foliolate, often with minute apiculation between leaflets; leaflets 1.2-4 × 0.6-2.5 cm at anthesis, maturing to 6-13 × 3-7 cm, lobes rounded to acute. |
blade reniform-orbiculate in overall outline, 1.5-18 cm, leaflet margins entire to shallowly lobed; venation palmate. |
Scapes | 9-33 cm, frequently taller than petioles at anthesis. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, solitary flowers borne on scapes. |
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Flowers | sepals elliptic to obovate, 7-15 × 4-6 mm; petals white, elliptic to obovate, 11-22 × 9-12 mm; stamens 6-12 mm; filaments 2-3 mm; anthers 4-9 × 1-1.5 mm; ovaries 6-11 × 3-7 mm. |
4-merous, 15-30 mm; bracteoles absent; sepals caducous, (3-)4(-5), petaloid; petals 8, white [lavender]; stamens 8; anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine striate; ovaries obovoid; placentation marginal; style central. |
Fruits | 18-38 × 8-17 mm, leathery, opening transversely, apical quarter resembling lid, becoming reflexed. |
capsulelike, brownish, obovoid, with transverse or oblique dehiscence, top forming reflexed lid. |
Seeds | oblong, 4-7 × 2 mm; aril laciniate, attached at adaxial side of hilum. |
10-25, red; aril white, not enclosing seed. |
x | = 6. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Jeffersonia diphylla |
Jeffersonia |
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Phenology | Flowering early spring; fruiting spring. | |
Habitat | Rich moist woods to semiopen rocky slopes and outcrops, usually over limestone or other calcareous rocks | |
Elevation | 100-800 m (300-2600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MI; MN; NC; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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e North America and e Asia |
Discussion | Plants of Jeffersonia diphylla were used medicinally by Native Americans for treatment of dropsy, gravel and urinary ailments, and for gall and diarrhea, and in poultices for sores and ulcers (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Jeffersonia | Berberidaceae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Podophyllum diphyllum | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Persoon: Syn. Pl. 1: 418. (1805) | Barton: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3: 342, plate 1. (1793) |
Web links |