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Peruvian needlegrass

plumose needlegrass, South American rice grass

Habit Plants densely cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants cespitose, shortly rhizomatous, rhizomes forming knotted bases.
Culms

(15)30-100 cm, bases dull brown, glabrous;

nodes 2-4; branching intravaginal.

15-85 cm, glabrous, bases dull gray-brown;

nodes 2-6;

basal branching mostly extravaginal, lower nodes sometimes with intravaginal branches.

Sheaths

mostly glabrous, scabridulous, basal sheaths dull brown;

ligules 0.3-1 mm, truncate, erose, abaxial surfaces glabrous or almost so, ciliate, hairs longest (to 2 mm) towards the sides of the leaves, at the top of the sheaths;

blades (3)10-40 cm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, all alike, straight, erect, convolute, apices sharp.

glabrous, basal sheaths dull gray-brown;

ligules 0.1-0.2 mm, truncate, abaxial surfaces puberulent, ciliolate to ciliate, hairs longest (1.5-4 mm) towards the sides of the leaves, at the top of the sheaths;

blades 1-9(25) cm long, those of the innovations the longest, 1-1.5 mm wide and flat or conduplicate, or to 0.5 mm in diameter and convolute, straight to almost falcate, abaxial surfaces of the innovation leaves glabrous or pubescent, adaxial surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes slightly scabrous.

Panicles

(3)10-25(30) cm, narrow, cylindrical to lanceoloid, dense, from partially to wholly exserted at anthesis, erect or nodding distally;

branches strongly ascending.

3-20 cm, ovoid, lax, partially included in the upper leaf sheaths;

branches ascending to divergent;

pedicels 1-1.5 mm.

Spikelets

5.5-11 mm.

5-8 mm.

Glumes

subequal, clearly exceeding the florets, linear-lanceolate, tapering to attenuate apices;

lower glumes 5.5-11 mm, 1-3-veined;

upper glumes 5-10.5 mm, 3-veined;

florets 2.3-3 mm, cylindrical to fusiform;

calluses 0.2-0.4 mm, acute to broadly acute, strigose;

lemmas hairy throughout, hairs on the lower portion about 0.15 mm, sparse, appressed, pappus hairs 3-4 mm;

awns 9-15 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments twisted, scabridulous;

paleas 1-1.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, 2-veined, apices rounded;

lodicules 2, 0.6-1 mm;

anthers about 0.8 mm.

from shorter than to subequal to the florets, linear-lanceolate, hyaline, smooth, ecostate or with 1 inconspicuous vein, apices attenuate;

lower glumes 2.5-5 mm;

upper glumes 4.5-6.5 mm;

florets (4)5-7.5 mm;

calluses 1-1.5 mm, strigose, hairs white;

lemmas about 0.3 mm thick, mostly scabrous, strigose over the midvein, tapering to the apices, pappus hairs 5-8 mm;

awns 15-30 mm, scabrous, weakly geniculate;

paleas 1-2.5 mm, from 1/3 - 1/2 the length of the lemmas, hyaline, glabrous, weakly 2-veined;

lodicules 2, 0.8-1 mm, linear.

Caryopses

1.8-2.2 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm thick, cylindrical.

4-5 mm, narrowly lanceoloid.

2n

= 40.

Jarava ichu

Jarava plumosa

Distribution
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Jarava ichu is native to Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. It is abundant in much of this range. In the Flora region, it is sold as an attractive ornamental. The species could become a problem, because it is self-compatible and produces a large quantity of wind-dispersed seeds. In parts of its native range, J. ichu is highly valued for its ability to prevent soil erosion, and for its use in thatch, mats, and basketry. "Ichu" is a term used to describe any bunchgrass in some parts of South America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

A native of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, Jarava plumosa was collected in Berkeley, California in 1983. It is not known to be established in the Flora region. In its native range, it often grows on poor, unstable soils. Matthei (1965) stated that it is a valuable forage species when young, but that it should not be overgrazed because of its value in preventing soil degradation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 179. FNA vol. 24, p. 179.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Jarava Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Jarava
Sibling taxa
J. plumosa, J. speciosa
J. ichu, J. speciosa
Synonyms Achnatherum papposum
Name authority Ruiz & Pav. (Spreng.) S.W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett
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