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large whorled pogonia, large whorled pogonia orchid, purple fiveleaf orchid

Habit Herbs, clonal, rhizomatous, 4–40 cm.
Stems

purplish to brownish green, glaucous;

scales 2–4, typically below soil line, purplish.

Leaves

green adaxially;

blade oblong-lanceolate, obovate, or elliptic, 25–100 × 10–53 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate, sometimes glaucous abaxially.

Flowers

pedunculate, showy, sweetly fragrant, without nectar;

sepals spreading, purplish brown, narrowly lanceolate, 34–67 × 2–4 mm;

petals yellowish green, elliptic-obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm;

lip yellowish green to white, streaked with purple, oblong, 15–25 × 8–9 mm, lateral lobes streaked with purple, margins involute, middle lobe rounded, margins revolute, undulate;

callus green, longitudinal, fleshy;

column 8–12 mm;

ovary 20–30 mm;

rostellar flap prominent.

Capsules

20–42 × 5–10 mm;

pedicel of mature capsule elongating to 20–55 mm.

2n

= 18.

Isotria verticillata

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Acidic soils, in dry to mesic forests, seeps, sphagnum bogs
Elevation 10–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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Discussion

Isotria verticillata frequently forms extensive clones with hundreds of stems. It is pollinated by solitary bees of the Andrenidae, Anthophoridae, and Halictidae; plants are apparently self-compatible (L. A. Mehrhoff 1983). Nonflowering plants only rarely have a white, arrested floral bud (1–2 mm).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 512.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Vanilloideae > tribe Vanilleae > subtribe Pogoniinae > Isotria
Sibling taxa
I. medeoloides
Synonyms Arethusa verticillata, Pogonia verticillata
Name authority (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Rafinesque: Med. Repos., hexade 2, 5: 357. (1808)
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