Isotria verticillata |
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large whorled pogonia, large whorled pogonia orchid, purple fiveleaf orchid |
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Habit | Herbs, clonal, rhizomatous, 4–40 cm. |
Stems | purplish to brownish green, glaucous; scales 2–4, typically below soil line, purplish. |
Leaves | green adaxially; blade oblong-lanceolate, obovate, or elliptic, 25–100 × 10–53 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate, sometimes glaucous abaxially. |
Flowers | pedunculate, showy, sweetly fragrant, without nectar; sepals spreading, purplish brown, narrowly lanceolate, 34–67 × 2–4 mm; petals yellowish green, elliptic-obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm; lip yellowish green to white, streaked with purple, oblong, 15–25 × 8–9 mm, lateral lobes streaked with purple, margins involute, middle lobe rounded, margins revolute, undulate; callus green, longitudinal, fleshy; column 8–12 mm; ovary 20–30 mm; rostellar flap prominent. |
Capsules | 20–42 × 5–10 mm; pedicel of mature capsule elongating to 20–55 mm. |
2n | = 18. |
Isotria verticillata |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Acidic soils, in dry to mesic forests, seeps, sphagnum bogs |
Elevation | 10–2000 m (0–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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Discussion | Isotria verticillata frequently forms extensive clones with hundreds of stems. It is pollinated by solitary bees of the Andrenidae, Anthophoridae, and Halictidae; plants are apparently self-compatible (L. A. Mehrhoff 1983). Nonflowering plants only rarely have a white, arrested floral bud (1–2 mm). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 512. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Vanilloideae > tribe Vanilleae > subtribe Pogoniinae > Isotria |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Arethusa verticillata, Pogonia verticillata |
Name authority | (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Rafinesque: Med. Repos., hexade 2, 5: 357. (1808) |
Web links |