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bristle bulrush, bristle clubrush, bristle-leaf sedge, bristleleaf bulrush, Eurasian bulrush, fiber-optic plant

keel bulrush, keel club rush

Habit Plants perennial (annual?), forming dense mats; rhizomes creeping; culms, leaves, and bracts orange-punctate at 10–15X. Plants annual; rhizomes absent.
Culms

3–25 cm × 0.2–0.3 mm.

1–25 cm × 0.2–0.3 mm.

Leaves

sheaths usually reddish proximally;

distal blade rudimentary to 6 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm.

sheaths green to stramineous or brown;

distal blade mostly much longer than sheath, to 5 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm.

Inflorescences

involucral bracts 1 or 2;

proximal bract erect to spreading, 3–10(–20) mm;

distal bract reflexed, to 5 mm.

involucral bract 1, 5–25(–33) mm.

Spikelets

3–6 × 2 mm;

scales partly orange- to red- or blackish brown, midrib greenish to stramineous, not gibbous, prominently ribbed near midrib, often with 1+ pale veins on dark sides, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–1 mm, membranous, hyaline, apex rounded to obtuse, mucro to 0.1 mm;

proximal scale like others.

1–10 × 1.5–2 mm;

scales stramineous to pale orangish, midrib region often greenish, markedly gibbous, prominently to obscurely veined, midrib keeled, finely reticulate at 20X, membranous, hyaline, apex rounded, awned;

proximal scale to 2.5(–5) mm, awn to 2 mm;

other scales 1.8–2 × 1–1.2 mm, awn 0.2–0.5 mm.

Flowers

anthers 0.3–0.5 mm;

styles 3-fid or 3-fid and 2-fid.

anthers 0.2 mm;

styles 3-fid.

Achenes

falling separately from floral scales, orange-brown, each face prominently longitudinally 5–8-ribbed, many fine transverse ridges evident at 20–30X, broadly obovoid to oblong, thickly biconvex to compressed-trigonous, abaxial angle obscure, lateral angles prominent, faces convex, 0.8–1 × 0.5 mm.

often falling with and clasped by floral scales, dark orange-brown or often whitish, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid or outline subcircular, nearly equilaterally trigonous, faces concave, 1–1.5 × 0.7–1 mm, papillose at 10–15X, papillae in many vertical rows, often obscured by thin, minutely reticulate, whitish surface layer.

2n

= 28.

Isolepis setacea

Isolepis carinata

Phenology Fruiting late spring–fall. Fruiting spring.
Habitat Stream banks, pond margins, ditches, coastal, rarely inland Wet, often drying, freshwater places in grasslands, rock barrens, open woods, lawns, cultivated fields, waste places
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 0–800 m (0–2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Eurasia; Africa; Australia (including Tasmania); New Zealand [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Isolepis setacea belongs to a distinct group of species characterized by ridged achenes (A. M. Muasya et al. 2001). Isolepis setacea was collected in 1874 on waste at Camden, New Jersey, and in the 1880s at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it has not persisted in the East. It has been known from the Pacific Coast since at least 1921. It is reported as native to Eurasia and Africa. It is cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Isolepis carinata sometimes occurs in mixed populations with the very similar I. pseudosetacea.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 140. FNA vol. 23, p. 138.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Isolepis Cyperaceae > Isolepis
Sibling taxa
I. carinata, I. cernua, I. pseudosetacea
I. cernua, I. pseudosetacea, I. setacea
Synonyms Scirpus setaceus I. koilolepis, Scirpus carinatus, Scirpus koilolepis
Name authority (Linnaeus) R. Brown: Prodr., 222. (1810) Hooker & Arnott ex Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 349. (1836)
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