Iris fernaldii |
Iris fulva |
|
---|---|---|
Fernald's iris |
copper iris |
|
Rhizomes | many-branched, producing dense clumps, compact, slender, ca. 0.6 cm diam., base covered with remains of old leaves; roots fibrous. |
compact, greenish brown or sometimes red-tinged, many-branched, with ringlike scars of old leaves, 1.5–2 cm diam. |
Stems | simple, solid, 2–4 dm. |
simple or sometimes 1–2-branched, solid, 3–9 dm. |
Leaves | basal with blade gray-green, usually brilliantly colored basally, drying to unusual gray-green, veins fairly prominent, to 4 dm × 0.7–0.8 cm, often quite glaucous, margins not thickened; cauline 2–several, spreading, sheathing stem for about 1/2 length, foliaceous, blade not inflated. |
basal arching distally, blade bright green, lightly ribbed, linear-ensiform, 6–10 dm × 1.5–2.5 cm; cauline subtending branches, blade 4.5–6 dm. |
Inflorescence units | 2-flowered; spathes opposite, connivent, often flushed red basally, broadly lanceolate, 5–9 cm × 6–11 mm, subequal. |
1–2-flowered; spathes unequal, outer green, 10–12 cm, herbaceous, inner 6–8 cm, partly scarious. |
Flowers | perianth pale creamy yellow with gold or gray veins; floral tube funnelform, 3–6.2 cm, spreading apically to form wide throat; sepals horizontally spreading, claw with deep yellow median line, oblanceolate to spatulate, 4.5–7 × 1–2 cm, base gradually attenuate into broad claw; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 4.3–6 × 0.6–1.4 cm, base gradually attenuate into narrow claw; ovary elliptical, nearly circular in cross section, 1.5–2.3 cm; style 2.2–3 cm, crests divergent, linear to narrowly oblong, 1–1.7 cm; stigmas triangular, margins entire; pedicel 0.9–2.2 cm at anthesis. |
perianth copper colored or reddish brown (yellow in forma fulvaurea); floral tube hollow to ovary, 2–2.5 cm; sepals widely spreading or arching downward, obovate, with 1–3 prominent veins, 4.5–5.5 cm, glabrous, often with lighter yellow basal signal; petals spreading or declining with sepals, 4–5 × 1.5–2 cm, base gradually attenuate, apex deeply emarginate; ovary green, hexagonal, 1.5–1.7 cm; style convex, not keeled, 1.8–2 cm, crests reflexed, rounded-triangular, margins shallowly toothed; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes pointed, margins entire; pedicel 2–4 cm. |
Capsules | oblong, roundly trigonal, distinctly beaked, 2.5–3.5 cm. |
remaining green even after seeds mature, oblong-elliptic, hexagonal in cross section, with 6 equally spaced ribs, short beak, 4.5–8 × 2.5 cm. |
Seeds | dark brown, wrinkled. |
in 2 rows per locule, irregular, flattened, 10–15 mm, corky. |
2n | = 40. |
= 42. |
Iris fernaldii |
Iris fulva |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Mixed evergreen forest | Shallow water or low wet areas |
Distribution |
CA
|
AR; IL; KY; LA; MO; MS; TN
|
Discussion | Iris fernaldii hybridizes with I. douglasiana, I. innominata, and I. macrosiphon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Iris fulva hybridizes with I. brevicaulis to produce I. ×fulvala Dykes, which has reddish purple sepals; with I. giganticaerulea to produce I. ×vinicolor Small; and with I. savannarum to produce I. ×cacique (J. Berry) N. C. Henderson. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 387. | FNA vol. 26, p. 392. |
Parent taxa | Iridaceae > Iris > subg. Limniris > sect. Limniris > ser. Californicae | Iridaceae > Iris > subg. Limniris > sect. Limniris > ser. Hexagonae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | I. fulvaurea | |
Name authority | R. C. Foster: Iridis Sp. Nov., 1. (1938) | Ker Gawler: Bot. Mag. 36: plate 1496. (1812) |
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