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anil de pasto, Guatemalan indigo, indigobush

creeping indigo, trailing indigo

Habit Herbs, perennial, strigose, hairs appressed, grayish silvery. Herbs, perennial, densely strigulose to glabrate, hairs appressed.
Stems

erect or ascending, many stems from ground, much-branched distally, stems angled, 5–20 dm.

prostrate, often mat-forming, branching freely, 1–3 dm.

Leaves

6–11 cm;

stipules narrowly triangular, attenuate, 5–6 mm;

petiole 10–20 mm;

stipels 0.5–1.5 mm;

petiolules 0.5–1.5 mm;

leaflets 9–17, opposite, blades elliptic or oblanceolate, 15–20(–40) × 5–10(–15) mm, base cuneate, apex acute, mucronate, surfaces strigose, abaxially sometimes glabrate.

1–7.5 cm;

stipules deltate to lanceolate, 5–7(–9) mm;

petiole 0.1–0.2 cm;

stipels absent or of a few hairs;

petiolules 1 mm;

leaflets 3–9, alternate, blades obovate to broadly oblanceolate, 5–30 × 2–18 mm, terminal leaflet usually larger than laterals, base cuneate, apex rounded to truncate, surfaces strigulose abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

20–30+-flowered, dense, 3.5–5.5 cm.

20–40+-flowered, dense, 4–9 cm.

Peduncles

0.5 cm.

0.5–1 cm.

Pedicels

1 mm.

0.5–1 mm.

Flowers

5–6 mm;

calyx 1.5–2 mm, lobes deltate to lanceolate;

corolla greenish yellow, orange, or purple-pink.

6–8 mm;

calyx 2.5–4 mm, lobes subulate;

corolla pinkish salmon to pale carmine.

Legumes

dark brown, reflexed, cylindric, strongly curved, 15–20 mm, leathery, base not bulbous or reddish, strigose to glabrate.

brown, deflexed, cylindric, straight, 10–20 mm, leathery, strigulose.

Seeds

4–6, reddish brown, cuboid.

4–9, greenish, cuboid.

2n

= 16, 32.

= 16.

Indigofera suffruticosa

Indigofera spicata

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Dry, sandy, open woodlands, along streams, abandoned fields, ruderal or agricultural areas. Disturbed, ruderal areas, roadsides, lawns, hammocks, beaches.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Central America; South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC; Africa [Introduced also in Mexico, West Indies (Bahamas, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), Central America, South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Indigofera suffruticosa is probably native to the New World tropics and subtropics. In the New World, it became a major source of blue dye. It was spread through cultivation to other regions of the world (P. C. Standley and J. A. Steyermark 1946).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Indigofera spicata has been confused with I. hendecaphylla Jacquin (sometimes spelled incorrectly as endecaphylla); distinctions between them were clarified by D. J. Du Puy et al. (1993) and A. S. Weakley et al (2018). The former is toxic to some grazing animals and has been linked to a fatal central nervous system syndrome in horses (J. F. Morton 1989).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Indigofera Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Indigofera
Sibling taxa
I. caroliniana, I. colutea, I. decora, I. hirsuta, I. kirilowii, I. lindheimeriana, I. miniata, I. oxycarpa, I. pilosa, I. sphaerocarpa, I. spicata, I. texana, I. tinctoria
I. caroliniana, I. colutea, I. decora, I. hirsuta, I. kirilowii, I. lindheimeriana, I. miniata, I. oxycarpa, I. pilosa, I. sphaerocarpa, I. suffruticosa, I. texana, I. tinctoria
Synonyms I. anil
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Indigofera no. 2. (1768) Forsskål: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., 138. (1775)
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