Imbribryum miniatum |
Bryaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
glossy red bryum moss |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants medium-sized, dark red to red-green, rarely green, sometimes purple-black. | Plants acrocarpous, small to large, as scattered individuals or open to dense turfs or cushions, green, silver, white, golden, or red, often more than one color. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 2–4(–5) cm, strongly julaceous, with metallic sheen, older stem sometimes densely radiculose. |
sometimes julaceous, unbranched to sparsely branched by subfloral innovations, stolons absent (present in Rhodobryum); rhizoids few to many, color various, smooth to papillose, micronemata and/or macronemata often present. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | rigid, strongly imbricate when dry, purple-red to brown-red, rarely dull olive green, ovate, strongly concave, (1–)2–3 mm; base not or weakly decurrent; margins plane throughout or rarely revolute proximally, entire to finely serrulate distally, limbidium absent; apex rounded-obtuse to broadly acute, cucullate; costa red-brown to brown, percurrent, awn absent; basal laminal cells somewhat inflated, pigmented, in 2 or 3 rows; proximal cells abruptly quadrate, with scattered short-rectangular cells, 1–2:1; medial and distal cells elongate-rhomboidal, (40–)50–60 × (10–)12–14 µm, 4–6:1, walls strongly incrassate, arranged in rows oblique to costa at 30–45° angle. |
imbricate to variously contorted or twisted when dry, erect to erect-spreading when moist, broadly lanceolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, obovate, or spathulate; base straight or curved at insertion, decurrent or not; margins plane, recurved, or revolute, 1- or 2-stratose, rarely multistratose, limbidium present or absent; apex broadly rounded to acute or acuminate; costa percurrent, subpercurrent, or short- to long-excurrent, apiculus sometimes present when costa ends before apex, stereid band 1, well developed or occasionally greatly reduced, guide cells present or absent, adaxial supracostal cells irregularly to regularly quadrate or short- to long-rectangular proximally; alar cells usually similar to juxtacostal cells, sometimes quadrate, region small, differentiated; laminal cells relatively uniform or obscurely to distinctly heterogeneous; proximal cells usually quadrate, short- or long-rectangular, shape often distinctly different, occasionally similar to medial and distal cells; medial cells usually similar to distal cells; distal cells short to very long, hexagonal to rhomboidal, sometimes vermicular, 2–10:1, sometimes occurring in rows oblique to costa, walls thin to thick, sometimes pitted. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seta | ± straight to flexuose, red, red-brown, or purple. |
single, sometimes multiple, color various, elongate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sexual condition | dioicous or monoicous, sometimes polyoicous; perigonia and perichaetia terminal or lateral; perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, sometimes forming rosette, inner leaves usually highly differentiated, often narrower, costa weaker. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsule | inclined to nutant, red-purple, pyriform, 2–4(–5) mm, neck long. |
erect, inclined, or nutant, long-exserted, ovate, spheric, cylindric, or pyriform, occasionally zygomorphic, 1–14 mm; hypophysis well differentiated or not, sometimes inflated and rugose; exothecial cells near mouth quadrate or short-rectangular, often reddish, walls thick, in 1–3+ rows, medial cells longer, short- to long-rectangular, walls straight or sinuate; annulus usually present, revoluble; operculum convex, short- to long-conic, sometimes rostrate; peristome diplolepidous-alternate, rarely reduced to 1 layer or absent; exostome white, pale yellow, or tan, sometimes reddish, teeth triangular to lanceolate, small pores sometimes present along fissural line; endostome hyaline to pale yellow, separate or sometimes adherent to exostome, basal membrane low to high, segments narrow to wide, usually broadly perforate, cilia usually appendiculate, to variously reduced in number or length or sometimes absent. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calyptra | fugacious, cucullate, small, smooth. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spores | 14–18 µm, smooth to papillose, yellow-brown. |
shed singly or as tetrads, rarely germinating in capsule, smooth to papillose, pale yellow, tan, or nearly hyaline, rarely darker. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specialized | asexual reproduction absent. |
asexual reproduction common, of 7 distinct types: spheric to ovoid rhizoidal tubers, filiform rhizoidal or leaf axil gemmae, leaf axil bulbils, stem tubers, slender leafless terminal shoots, or leaf axil deciduous brood branchlets. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Imbribryum miniatum |
Bryaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Damp to wet siliceous rock, soil over rock, associated with waterfalls or springs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | low to moderate elevations (0-1500 m) (low to moderate elevations (0-4900 ft)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CA; ID; MO; MT; OR; PA; WA; BC; NL; ON; Atlantic Islands (Faroe Islands)
|
Nearly worldwide |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Imbribryum miniatum is a distinctive species, with dark red-purple, julaceous stems, oblique and strongly incrassate distal laminal cells, and pigmented inflated cells across the leaf base. Some collections from Yosemite National Park are remarkably large in stature, with dark green leaves that become nearly black when dry. They may represent an undescribed variety or species. Imbribryum miniatum appears to be related to several Southern Hemisphere and tropical species, including those called Bryum crassum (Australasia), B. perconcavifolium (Mexico-Central America), B. recurvulum (southeast Asia), and B. sclerodictyon (New Guinea). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 15, species ca. 500 (12 genera, 93 species in the flora). Bryaceae is a large family of acrocarpous mosses with a global distribution. Many species are adapted to disturbed soil and somewhat weedy. Species exhibit a remarkable array of specialized asexual reproductive structures, perhaps more than in any other bryophyte family. The sporophytes occasionally appear lateral due to rapid innovating growth. Recent genetic research has radically changed understanding of relationships in the family. Studies have shown that Pohlia and related genera, traditionally considered part of Bryaceae, are more closely related to members of Mniaceae. Further, Orthodontium is only distantly related to Bryaceae, while Leptobryum appears to be closest to Meesiaceae (C. J. Cox and T. A. Hedderson 2003). Roellobryon may also be more closely related to Mniaceae; for the flora it has been removed to its own family. Within the recircumscribed Bryaceae, results based on morphology and genetics do not always agree (N. Pedersen et al. 2003). This treatment is based primarily on the morphology of the gametophyte. Differences between phylogenetic and morphological approaches are discussed under each genus. Sizes of stems and leaves in the keys are as follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust (more than 4 mm). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 145. | FNA vol. 28, p. 117. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Bryaceae > Imbribryum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Bryum miniatum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Lesquereux) J. R. Spence: Phytologia 89: 112. (2007) | Schwagrichen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |