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anis étiolé, Florida anise-tree, Florida-anise

anisetree, star-anise

Leaves

blade dark olive-green, elliptic to lanceolate, 5-21 × 1.5-6 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate.

sometimes appearing whorled at ends of branches.

Flowers

2.5-5 cm diam.;

peduncle 1-11 cm;

bracteoles 3-6;

tepals 21-33, red-maroon, rarely white or pink, inner tepals ligulate;

stamens 25-50;

pistils 11-21.

erect to drooping;

peduncle smooth to rugulose;

perianth white, yellow, yellow-green, pink, or red to maroon, often glandular;

outer tepals often bractlike and reduced, sometimes ciliolate, inner tepals often much larger and ligulate, sometimes only slightly larger and broadly obtuse, innermost often reduced, sometimes transitional to stamens;

pistils orbicular to deltoid, styles narrow and acute, often recurved.

Fruit(s)

aggregates collectively 2.5-4 cm diam., usually with 10-15 pistils at maturity.

dark brown, woody to leathery at maturity;

peduncle sometimes thickened.

Seeds

pale brown.

glossy, dark brown to tawny or golden.

x

= 13, 14.

2n

= 26.

Illicium floridanum

Illicium

Phenology Flowering midspring–early summer.
Habitat Along streams, in marshy areas, moist woods
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; ne Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Central America; West Indies; and ne South America
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Illicium floridanum was placed in Illicium sect. Badiana by A. C. Smith (1947). The flowers of the species are pollinated by a variety of insects; fruit set is low (L. B. Thien et al. 1983). The seeds are dispersed by explosive dehiscence of the follicles (M. L. Roberts and R. R. Haynes 1983).

This species is cultivated in southeastern United States (M. A. Dirr 1986) and elsewhere. Illicium mexicanum A. C. Smith was considered a separate species by A. C. Smith (1947); expressions of all characters used to differentiate the two species overlap, however, and it seems best to consider them conspecific.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 42 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers 2.5-5 cm diam.; tepals 21-33, inner tepals ligulate, red-maroon, rarely white or pink; leaf apex acute to acuminate.
I. floridanum
1. Flowers 0.8-1.2 cm diam.; tepals 11-16, inner tepals orbiculate-obovate, yellow-green; leaf apex obtuse to rounded.
I. parviflorum
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Illiciaceae > Illicium Illiciaceae
Sibling taxa
I. parviflorum
Subordinate taxa
I. floridanum, I. parviflorum
Synonyms Badianifera floridana, I. mexicanum Badianifera
Name authority J. Ellis: Philos. Trans. 60: 524. (1770) Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1042, 1050, 1370. (1759)
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