Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum fauriei
cypress-leaf claw-moss, cypress-leaf plaitmoss, hypnum moss
1–8+ cm, pale to yellowish green, brown with age, creeping to erect, complanate-foliate or not, irregularly pinnate to nearly unbranched, attached shoots often regularly pinnate, branches 1–3 cm;
hyalodermis absent, central strand poorly developed;
pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, 1–3-seriate at base.
leaves falcate to circinate, broadly ovate, tapering to apex, 1.4(–2.2) × 0.4(–0.8) mm;
base decurrent, not auriculate;
margins excavate in alar region, crenate to entire or toothed in acumen;
acumen slender;
costa double and short or sometimes absent;
alar cells rectangular to quadrate, region weakly defined, sometimes with rectangular decurrent cells at insertion;
basal laminal cells shorter, thicker than medial cells, not pigmented, walls porose;
medial cells 50–70(–80) × 3–5 µm. Sexual condition autoicous;
inner perichaetial leaves weakly striate.
strongly imbricate, not to decidedly falcate-secund, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually or abruptly narrowed to apex, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm;
base not decurrent, not auriculate;
margins recurved to plane proximally, serrulate (sometimes weakly) distally, occasionally nearly entire;
acumen slender;
costa double and short or obscure;
alar region well defined, basalmost cells larger, sometimes hyaline, yellowish or brownish;
basal laminal cells shorter, wider than medial cells, not pigmented, walls not pitted;
medial cells (50–)60–80 × 3–4(–5) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;
inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, margins serrulate distally, costa obscure.
reddish, 1–2.5(–3) cm.
reddish or yellowish, 3–4 cm.
slightly inclined, reddish, cylindric, 1.8–2.5(–2.8) mm;
annulus 1–3-seriate;
operculum conic to rostrate;
endostome cilia 1–2(–3).
inclined to horizontal, brown when mature, cylindric, 2–3 × 0.9–1 mm;
annulus 3-seriate;
operculum conic-apiculate;
endostome cilia 2 or 3.
Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum fauriei
Varieties 9 (4 in the flora).
Hypnum cupressiforme is an extremely polymorphic species, reflected in the more than 60 varieties that have been described. The species has a wide ecological amplitude as well as a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is found in all climatic regions except the Antarctic. Taxonomic features reliable in most other species of Hypnum are plastic in H. cupressiforme. Within a single clone, it is possible to sort out several named varieties. Variety lacunosum Bridel was noted by H. Ando (1989) to be weakly differentiated in North America, and he tentatively cited specimens from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and South Dakota. Ando noted that var. lacunosum typically is robust, thick-complanate to julaceous, with leaves almost straight to weakly falcate and abruptly narrowed to a short acumen, but the North American material is not robust and is therefore problematic.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Hypnum fauriei is found at lower elevations in the northern part of the range but at higher elevations in the mountains southward. The species has posed difficulties since its early report from North America as H. fertile, a species restricted to Europe. Hypnum fauriei appears to be uncommon, but superficial examination could allow misidentification as H. imponens or H. plicatulum. The larger number of alar cells, often delimited by pigmented cells nearby, the erect capsules, and the broad, foliose, toothed pseudoparaphyllia easily distinguish H. imponens from H. fauriei, which has occasional triangular to lanceolate pseudoparaphyllia and inclined capsules. Hypnum plicatulum has few alar cells, but the leaf bases are somewhat to strongly auriculate, the plants are yellow-green, and the hyalodermous stem cells are apparent, all features absent in H. fauriei. Hypnum fauriei is the correct name for specimens named H. fertile by American authors. Plants of H. fauriei have branches 1.3 mm wide and are often attached to the substrate by many rhizoids; the leaf bases are yellowish brown and have few (1–3) often bulging alar cells; the two or three supra-alar cells are subquadrate to rectangular; the medial laminal cells are linear to slightly vermicular; and the endostome segments have large perforations.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Branch leaves 1.5-2 × 0.4-0.6 mm or slightly larger | → 2 |
1. Branch leaves 1-1.4 × 0.2-0.4 mm or slightly smaller | → 3 |
2. Stems weakly complanate-foliate; leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; alar cells not excavate or pigmented. | var. cupressiforme |
2. Stems subjulaceous to complanate-foliate; leaves straight to weakly falcate; alar cells excavate, pigmented. | var. subjulaceum |
3. Leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; margins subentire to distinctly toothed distally. | var. cupressiforme |
3. Leaves straight to somewhat falcate; margins entire or subentire | → 4 |
4. Stems subjulaceous, creeping; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to apex; laminal cells 60-80 × 3-4 µm (or slightly larger). | var. filiforme |
4. Stems julaceous, creeping to erect; leaves ovate or widely oblong, abruptly narrowed to apex; laminal cells 40-50 × 5-6 µm. | var. julaceum |
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