Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum callichroum
cypress-leaf claw-moss, cypress-leaf plaitmoss, hypnum moss
downy claw-moss, hypnum moss
1–8+ cm, pale to yellowish green, brown with age, creeping to erect, complanate-foliate or not, irregularly pinnate to nearly unbranched, attached shoots often regularly pinnate, branches 1–3 cm;
hyalodermis absent, central strand poorly developed;
pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, 1–3-seriate at base.
leaves falcate to circinate-secund, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat curved to insertion, gradually narrowed to apex, 1.5–2 × 0.7–0.8 mm;
base decurrent;
margins plane, serrulate at apex;
acumen slender;
costa double and short or obscure;
alar cells abruptly enlarged, region well defined, 1–3 cells high, outermost cell walls thinner;
basal laminal cells shorter, broader than medial cells, yellowish to green, walls porose;
medial cells 50–60 × 8 µm.
strongly imbricate, not to decidedly falcate-secund, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually or abruptly narrowed to apex, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm;
base not decurrent, not auriculate;
margins recurved to plane proximally, serrulate (sometimes weakly) distally, occasionally nearly entire;
acumen slender;
costa double and short or obscure;
alar region well defined, basalmost cells larger, sometimes hyaline, yellowish or brownish;
basal laminal cells shorter, wider than medial cells, not pigmented, walls not pitted;
medial cells (50–)60–80 × 3–4(–5) µm.
reddish, 1–2.5(–3) cm.
red-brown, 2–3.5 cm.
dioicous;
inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, margins serrulate distally, costa obscure.
dioicous;
inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, margins toothed near apex, apex finely pointed, costa obscure.
slightly inclined, reddish, cylindric, 1.8–2.5(–2.8) mm;
annulus 1–3-seriate;
operculum conic to rostrate;
endostome cilia 1–2(–3).
inclined, red-brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm;
annulus 1- or 2-seriate;
operculum conic;
endostome cilia appendiculate.
Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum callichroum
Varieties 9 (4 in the flora).
Hypnum cupressiforme is an extremely polymorphic species, reflected in the more than 60 varieties that have been described. The species has a wide ecological amplitude as well as a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is found in all climatic regions except the Antarctic. Taxonomic features reliable in most other species of Hypnum are plastic in H. cupressiforme. Within a single clone, it is possible to sort out several named varieties. Variety lacunosum Bridel was noted by H. Ando (1989) to be weakly differentiated in North America, and he tentatively cited specimens from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and South Dakota. Ando noted that var. lacunosum typically is robust, thick-complanate to julaceous, with leaves almost straight to weakly falcate and abruptly narrowed to a short acumen, but the North American material is not robust and is therefore problematic.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
In North America, Hypnum callichroum is frequent only near the Pacific Coast, where it is relatively easy to determine; the shiny plants produce sporophytes in summer. The alar cells are bounded by quadrate to triangular cells distally. The presence of a hyalodermis and the distinct alar region of thin-walled cells that are strongly differentiated from the adjacent cells are reliable characters. However, material without sporophytes can be difficult to determine. Epiphytic specimens frequently have sporophytes, while terrestrial ones generally lack them.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Branch leaves 1.5-2 × 0.4-0.6 mm or slightly larger | → 2 |
1. Branch leaves 1-1.4 × 0.2-0.4 mm or slightly smaller | → 3 |
2. Stems weakly complanate-foliate; leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; alar cells not excavate or pigmented. | var. cupressiforme |
2. Stems subjulaceous to complanate-foliate; leaves straight to weakly falcate; alar cells excavate, pigmented. | var. subjulaceum |
3. Leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; margins subentire to distinctly toothed distally. | var. cupressiforme |
3. Leaves straight to somewhat falcate; margins entire or subentire | → 4 |
4. Stems subjulaceous, creeping; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to apex; laminal cells 60-80 × 3-4 µm (or slightly larger). | var. filiforme |
4. Stems julaceous, creeping to erect; leaves ovate or widely oblong, abruptly narrowed to apex; laminal cells 40-50 × 5-6 µm. | var. julaceum |
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