Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum andoi
cypress-leaf claw-moss, cypress-leaf plaitmoss, hypnum moss
1–8+ cm, pale to yellowish green, brown with age, creeping to erect, complanate-foliate or not, irregularly pinnate to nearly unbranched, attached shoots often regularly pinnate, branches 1–3 cm;
hyalodermis absent, central strand poorly developed;
pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, 1–3-seriate at base.
2–8 cm, pale yellowish brown, creeping, not complanate-foliate, usually irregularly to regularly pinnate in horizontal plane, branches 1–2 cm;
hyalodermis absent, central strand weakly developed;
pseudoparaphyllia subfilamentous to lanceolate.
strongly imbricate, not to decidedly falcate-secund, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually or abruptly narrowed to apex, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm;
base not decurrent, not auriculate;
margins recurved to plane proximally, serrulate (sometimes weakly) distally, occasionally nearly entire;
acumen slender;
costa double and short or obscure;
alar region well defined, basalmost cells larger, sometimes hyaline, yellowish or brownish;
basal laminal cells shorter, wider than medial cells, not pigmented, walls not pitted;
medial cells (50–)60–80 × 3–4(–5) µm.
closely imbricate, weakly to strongly falcate-secund, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to apex, 1–1.8 × 0.3–0.6 mm;
base not decurrent, not auriculate;
margins often recurved near base, sharply serrulate;
acumen short or more usually long;
costa double and short or indistinct;
alar cells subquadrate, region moderately well defined, of (5–)7–10(–13) cells along margins, marginal ones enlarged and hyaline, inner ones brownish;
basal laminal cells shorter, wider than medial cells, usually yellow or yellowish brown, walls not pitted or porose;
medial cells (40–)50–60(–70) × 4–5 µm.
reddish, 1–2.5(–3) cm.
yellowish to reddish, 0.1–1.7(–2) cm.
dioicous;
inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, margins serrulate distally, costa obscure.
dioicous;
inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, margins serrulate in apex, acumen long, costa obscure.
slightly inclined, reddish, cylindric, 1.8–2.5(–2.8) mm;
annulus 1–3-seriate;
operculum conic to rostrate;
endostome cilia 1–2(–3).
erect to inclined, yellowish to reddish, oblong-cylindric, 1.5–1.8(–2) mm;
annulus 2- or 3-seriate;
operculum conic (rounded-mammillate);
endostome cilia 1 or imperfectly 2, very fragile.
Hypnum cupressiforme
Hypnum andoi
Varieties 9 (4 in the flora).
Hypnum cupressiforme is an extremely polymorphic species, reflected in the more than 60 varieties that have been described. The species has a wide ecological amplitude as well as a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is found in all climatic regions except the Antarctic. Taxonomic features reliable in most other species of Hypnum are plastic in H. cupressiforme. Within a single clone, it is possible to sort out several named varieties. Variety lacunosum Bridel was noted by H. Ando (1989) to be weakly differentiated in North America, and he tentatively cited specimens from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and South Dakota. Ando noted that var. lacunosum typically is robust, thick-complanate to julaceous, with leaves almost straight to weakly falcate and abruptly narrowed to a short acumen, but the North American material is not robust and is therefore problematic.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Hypnum andoi is a temperate species of amphi-Atlantic distribution that produces sporophytes in late autumn. The plants are closely affixed to the substrate; the pseudoparaphyllia are tipped by one elongate cell; and the alar cells are often brown and weakly excavate. This species resembles H. cupressiforme var. filiforme, but the leaves of H. andoi are long-attenuate, and the row of basal hyaline cells in the alar region is decidedly different, reminiscent of Sematophyllum (Sematophyllaceae). The shorter, stouter capsule and mammillate operculum are also valuable characters, but sporophytes are extremely rare in North America and have a conic operculum, rather than a mammillate one as in Europe.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Branch leaves 1.5-2 × 0.4-0.6 mm or slightly larger | → 2 |
1. Branch leaves 1-1.4 × 0.2-0.4 mm or slightly smaller | → 3 |
2. Stems weakly complanate-foliate; leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; alar cells not excavate or pigmented. | var. cupressiforme |
2. Stems subjulaceous to complanate-foliate; leaves straight to weakly falcate; alar cells excavate, pigmented. | var. subjulaceum |
3. Leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly so; margins subentire to distinctly toothed distally. | var. cupressiforme |
3. Leaves straight to somewhat falcate; margins entire or subentire | → 4 |
4. Stems subjulaceous, creeping; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to apex; laminal cells 60-80 × 3-4 µm (or slightly larger). | var. filiforme |
4. Stems julaceous, creeping to erect; leaves ovate or widely oblong, abruptly narrowed to apex; laminal cells 40-50 × 5-6 µm. | var. julaceum |
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