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fourpetal St. Johnswort

Blue Ridge St. John's wort

Habit Herbs (perennial) or shrubs, erect, with woody base, usually unbranched, sometimes with divaricate or ascending branches, 2–10 dm. Herbs erect, with rooting, creeping base, 2–6.5 dm.
Stems

internodes (2–)4-lined at first, then 2-lined to terete.

internodes usually 2-lined, sometimes 4-lined or not lined, with black glands scattered on and near lines or all over.

Leaves

blades oblong-ovate to ovate or triangular-ovate, 5–35 × 4–15 mm, base articulated, cordate-amplexicaul, margins subrecurved, apex apiculate or obtuse to rounded, midrib with 1 pair of branches.

spreading, usually sessile, rarely petiolate (to 0.8 mm);

blade ovate-oblong to oblong or elliptic, 30–42(–52) × 8–22 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins plane, apex usually rounded, rarely obtuse or subretuse, midrib with 4–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered).

Inflorescences

terminal, 1(–3)-flowered, branching from apical node pseudodichotomous, sometimes with relatively short branches from to 3 proximal nodes.

corymbiform to broadly pyramidal, (5–)13–61(–124)-flowered, subsidiary branches narrowly ascending or curved-ascending.

Flowers

20–30 mm diam.;

sepals persistent, enclosing capsule, 4, unequal, outer broadly ovate, 7–15 × 5.5–10 mm, apex subapiculate to obtuse, inner narrowly lanceolate, 7–15 × 2–3 mm, apex acute;

petals 4, bright yellow, obovate-oblong, 10–15 mm;

stamens persistent, 100;

ovary 3-merous.

15–20 mm diam.;

sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic or elliptic, subequal, (3–)3.6–4.6(–5.5) × 1–2 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

petals golden yellow, narrowly obovate or oblanceolate to elliptic, 6–11 mm;

stamens (37–)42–56(–62);

anther gland black;

styles 1.5–5 mm.

Capsules

broadly ellipsoid-ovoid to subglobose, 5–6 × 3.5–4 mm.

ellipsoid to subglobose, 3–7 × 3–4.5 mm, with longitudinal vittae.

Seeds

not carinate, 0.7 mm;

testa shallowly scalariform.

not carinate, 0.7–0.9 mm;

testa not seen.

2n

= 18.

= 16.

Hypericum tetrapetalum

Hypericum ×mitchellianum

Phenology Flowering winter–spring (Jan–Apr), late summer (Jul–Sep). Flowering summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Moist, low pinelands, ditches Open or partly shaded, moist habitats, dry, rocky roadside banks
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 1100–1700 m (3600–5600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; West Indies (w Cuba)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC; TN; VA
Discussion

Hypericum tetrapetalum differs from H. crux-andreae in having broader leaves with strongly cordate-amplexicaul bases and, nearly always, by terminal pseudodichotomous inflorescences.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum ×mitchellianum is intermediate in all characters between H. graveolens and H. punctatum and, like the latter, produces a ring of 16 chromosomes at meiosis (D. E. Culwell 1970). Culwell has shown that it hybridizes with H. graveolens in the field and that these species can be crossed artificially. He apparently never suspected that H. mitchellianum could itself be a hybrid. Its intermediate morphology and breeding behavior, together with a distribution almost wholly within that of H. graveolens, suggests strongly that H. mitchellianum is the hybrid H. graveolens × punctatum, which apparently arose when the area of H. punctatum extended into that of H. graveolens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 86. FNA vol. 6, p. 101.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum
Synonyms Ascyrum amplexicaule, A. cubense, A. tetrapetalum
Name authority Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 153. (1797) Rydberg: Torreya 27: 84, plate 2, figs. 1 – 6. (1927)
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