Hypericum sphaerocarpum |
Hypericum scouleri |
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round-fruit St. John's-wort, roundseed St. Johnswort |
Norton's St. John's-wort, Scouler's St. John's-wort, western john's-wort, western St. John's-wort |
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Habit | Herbs (perennial) or subshrubs, erect or decumbent, not or rarely rhizomatous, unbranched or branched proximally, 2–6 dm. | Herbs erect or ascending, with rooting, creeping, branching base, 0.5–6.6(–8) dm. |
Stems | internodes 2–4-lined. |
internodes usually weakly 2-lined, sometimes not lined, without black glands, rarely with reddish glands. |
Leaves | blades narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong to linear, 30–70 × 3–15 mm, base not articulated, narrowly cuneate to linear, margins plane to revolute, apex subacute to rounded, midrib with 0–4 pairs of branches. |
usually spreading, rarely erect, sessile or (proximal) subpetiolate; blade oblong-elliptic or elliptic to triangular-ovate or (proximal) obovate, 12–28(–32) × 6–15(–18) mm, base subcordate to rounded or (proximal) cuneate, margins plane, apex obtuse to rounded, midrib with 4–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins not densely reticulate, black glands intramarginal (± dense) and, rarely, (1–2) laminar (distal). |
Inflorescences | rounded-corymbiform, 7–70-flowered, narrowly branched, sometimes with dichasia or branches from to 8 proximal nodes. |
cylindric to narrowly pyramidal, (1–)8–20-flowered. |
Flowers | 10–15 mm diam.; sepals persistent, not enclosing capsule, 5, broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic, ± unequal, 2.5–5 × 1.5–3 mm; petals 5, bright yellow, oblanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, 5–9 mm; stamens persistent, 45–85; ovary 3-merous, placentation parietal. |
6–15(–25) mm diam.; sepals not or scarcely imbricate, erect in fruit, ovate to lanceolate or narrowly oblong, unequal to subequal, 2.5–5.5 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to rounded; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-tinged, oblanceolate, 7–12 mm; stamens 50–90(–109); anther gland black; styles 2–8 mm. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid to depressed-globose, 4.5–8 × 4–7 mm. |
oblanceoloid, 6–10 × 3.5–6 mm, with longitudinal vittae. |
Seeds | carinate, 2–2.7 mm; testa coarsely reticulate. |
not carinate, (0.5–)0.7–0.8 mm; testa linear-reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
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Hypericum sphaerocarpum |
Hypericum scouleri |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Aug). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Rocky outcrops or embankments, prairies, stream banks, usually wet or moist, railroad embankments | Wet meadows and banks, coniferous forests, screes, lake margins, marshes, tidal shores |
Elevation | 500–1000 m (1600–3300 ft) | 0–2900 m (0–9500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MI; MO; MS; NE; OH; OK; TN; TX; WI; ON
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | Hypericum sphaerocarpum differs from H. cistifolium and H. nudiflorum in its semiherbaceous habit and more northwestern distribution, as well as in its combination of relatively long, narrow leaves, persistent sepals, globose and apiculate to rounded capsules, and relatively large seeds. The narrow-leaved, bushy form from eastern parts of the range (var. turgidum) merges with the typical form. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some authors have included Hypericum scouleri in central Mexican H. formosum Kunth as a synonym, subspecies, or variety; the similarities in sepal form and glandularity between these species are due to convergence. Hypericum formosum is related to another Mexican species (H. oaxacanum R. Keller); the affinities of H. scouleri are with the H. attenuatum group from eastern Asia. Hypericum scouleri itself does occur in northern and central Mexico as far south as Michoacán, México, and Hidalgo, where it is known by the synonym H. simulans Rose. J. M. Gillett and N. K. B. Robson (1981) treated the dwarf alpine form of Hypericum scouleri as subsp. nortoniae. Further work has revealed a range of intermediate forms between the two putative subspecies, which prevents their recognition. Likewise, the differentiation of a southern population (H. formosum subsp. formosum in the sense of C. L. Hitchcock) from a northern one [H. formosum subsp. scouleri (Hooker) C. L. Hitchcock] based on the broader, blunter, and less-glandular sepals in the latter, does not appear warranted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 83. | FNA vol. 6, p. 100. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Brathydium chamaenerium, B. sphaerocarpum, H. chamaenerium, H. sphaerocarpum var. turgidum, H. turgidum | H. formosum subsp. scouleri, H. formosum var. scouleri, H. nortoniae, H. scouleri subsp. nortoniae |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 78. (1803) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 111. (1831) |
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