Hypericum sphaerocarpum |
Hypericum majus |
|
---|---|---|
round-fruit St. John's-wort, roundseed St. Johnswort |
greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur |
|
Habit | Herbs (perennial) or subshrubs, erect or decumbent, not or rarely rhizomatous, unbranched or branched proximally, 2–6 dm. | Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm. |
Stems | internodes 2–4-lined. |
internodes 4-angled. |
Leaves | blades narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong to linear, 30–70 × 3–15 mm, base not articulated, narrowly cuneate to linear, margins plane to revolute, apex subacute to rounded, midrib with 0–4 pairs of branches. |
spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul; blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches. |
Inflorescences | rounded-corymbiform, 7–70-flowered, narrowly branched, sometimes with dichasia or branches from to 8 proximal nodes. |
corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial. |
Flowers | 10–15 mm diam.; sepals persistent, not enclosing capsule, 5, broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic, ± unequal, 2.5–5 × 1.5–3 mm; petals 5, bright yellow, oblanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, 5–9 mm; stamens persistent, 45–85; ovary 3-merous, placentation parietal. |
6–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm; stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid to depressed-globose, 4.5–8 × 4–7 mm. |
narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
Seeds | carinate, 2–2.7 mm; testa coarsely reticulate. |
0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Hypericum sphaerocarpum |
Hypericum majus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Aug). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Rocky outcrops or embankments, prairies, stream banks, usually wet or moist, railroad embankments | Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats |
Elevation | 500–1000 m (1600–3300 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MI; MO; MS; NE; OH; OK; TN; TX; WI; ON
|
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
|
Discussion | Hypericum sphaerocarpum differs from H. cistifolium and H. nudiflorum in its semiherbaceous habit and more northwestern distribution, as well as in its combination of relatively long, narrow leaves, persistent sepals, globose and apiculate to rounded capsules, and relatively large seeds. The narrow-leaved, bushy form from eastern parts of the range (var. turgidum) merges with the typical form. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 83. | FNA vol. 6, p. 91. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Brathydium chamaenerium, B. sphaerocarpum, H. chamaenerium, H. sphaerocarpum var. turgidum, H. turgidum | H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 78. (1803) | (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894) |
Web links |
|