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false spotted St. Johnswort

Habit Herbs, perennial, [subshrubs]; black glands usually on leaves, sepals, and petals and, sometimes, on stems and anthers. Herbs erect or ascending to divaricate, with rooting, sometimes creeping, branching base, 4–9.5 dm.
Stems

sometimes clustered, internodes not lined, with black glands scattered all over.

Leaves

persistent or tardily deciduous, (base not articulated).

usually ascending, sometimes spreading, sessile;

blade usually ovate-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, rarely ovate, 18–45 × 6–16(–20) mm, base cordate to rounded, margins plane, apex usually acute, rarely obtuse to rounded, midrib with 3–4 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered).

Inflorescences

subcorymbiform to broadly pyramidal, 16–164(–280)-flowered, subsidiary branches ascending to widely spreading.

Flowers

6–35 mm diam.;

sepals persistent, 5;

petals persistent, 5;

stamens persistent, 20–109, in 5 fascicles, fascicles connate as 2 + 2 + 1;

ovary 3(–4)-merous;

placentation axile;

styles spreading, bases distinct;

stigmas relatively small.

10–20 mm diam.;

sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic-oblong, subequal, (3–)3.7–4.9(–6) mm, apex acute;

petals yellow, usually obovate, rarely elliptic, 6–14 mm;

stamens 38–61;

anther gland amber or pellucid;

styles 5.4–8.5 mm.

Capsules

broadly ovoid, 3–6 × 2–4 mm, with longitudinal and lateral vittae or vesicles or only ovoid vesicles (all amber).

Seeds

not or slightly carinate.

not or scarcely carinate, 0.6–0.8 mm;

testa linear-reticulate.

Species

22 (8, including 1 hybrid, in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.

2n

= 16.

Hypericum sect. Hypericum

Hypericum pseudomaculatum

Phenology Flowering mid summer (Jun–Jul).
Habitat Open and partially shaded, dry areas of woods, among rocks, fields, roadsides, well-drained soil
Elevation 100–700 m (300–2300 ft)
Distribution
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; LA; MO; MS; OK; SC; TN; TX
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 22 (8 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum pseudomaculatum has been confused with H. punctatum; they are quite distinct and they rarely, if ever, hybridize. The affinities of H. pseudomaculatum are with Mexican H. formosum Kunth.

J. A. Steyermark (1963) recognized two distinct floral forms in Missouri: forma pseudomaculatum with orange-yellow petals and stamen filaments, and forma flavidum in which these parts are pale, creamy yellow. The distribution of these two forms within the whole range of the species is unknown.

Hypericum elatum Aiton (a synonym of H. ×inodorum Miller = H. androsaemum Linnaeus × hircinum Linnaeus) was wrongly cited as from North America by Aiton and was not conclusively recognized as an Old World taxon until J. M. Coulter (1886) published his account of North American Hypericum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs rarely with rooting base, bushy; leaf blades usually conduplicate; sepals markedly imbricate.
H. concinnum
1. Herbs usually with rooting base (except H. punctatum), not bushy; leaf blades not conduplicate; sepals not or scarcely imbricate.
→ 2
2. Stems with black glands in raised lines or without black glands; leaf blades: tertiary veins not densely reticulate, black glands intramarginal, (± dense to spaced), and laminar, (relatively few and distal or absent); capsules ovoid, broadly ovoid, narrowly ovoid-pyramidal, or oblanceoloid
→ 3
2. Stems with black glands scattered on or near lines or all over; leaf blades: tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered); capsules ellipsoid, ovoid, broadly ovoid, or subglobose
→ 5
3. Stems from rooting, creeping base, internodes weakly 2-lined or not lined, without black glands, rarely with reddish glands; petals sometimes red-tinged.
H. scouleri
3. Stems from rooting, not creeping, base, internodes 2- or 4-lined, with black glands in lines; petals not red-tinged
→ 4
4. Stems: internodes (at least some) 4-lined; sepals broadly ovate to oblong, apex rounded-apiculate to erose-denticulate; capsules with longitudinal vittae (narrow linear glands).
H. maculatum
4. Stems: internodes 2-lined; sepals lanceolate or narrowly oblong to linear, apex acute to aristate; capsules with longitudinal vittae and shorter, oblique vittae.
H. perforatum
5. Leaf blade apex usually acute, rarely obtuse to rounded; inflorescence subsidiary branches ascending to widely spreading; anther gland amber or pellucid.
H. pseudomaculatum
5. Leaf blade apex usually obtuse, rounded, retuse, or subretuse, rarely acute; inflorescence subsidiary branches narrowly ascending or curved-ascending; anther gland black
→ 6
6. Inflorescences (2–)5–14(–22)-flowered; petals 11–18 mm; styles 5.6–12 mm.
H. graveolens
6. Inflorescences (5–)13–600-flowered; petals 3–11 mm; styles 1–5 mm
→ 7
7. Stems with black glands on or near lines or all over; flowers 15–20 mm diam.; capsules with longitudinal vittae.
H. ×mitchellianum
7. Stems with black glands scattered; flowers 8–15 mm diam.; capsules with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles.
H. punctatum
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 97. FNA vol. 6, p. 102.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Subordinate taxa
H. concinnum, H. graveolens, H. maculatum, H. perforatum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. scouleri, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. section Concinna, H. section Graveolentia H. punctatum var. pseudomaculatum
Name authority unknown Bush ex Britton: Man. Fl. N. States, 627. (1901)
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