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spotted St. John's-wort

Habit Herbs erect to ascending, with rarely rooting, branching base, 1.3–10.5 dm. Herbs, perennial, [subshrubs]; black glands usually on leaves, sepals, and petals and, sometimes, on stems and anthers.
Stems

clustered, internodes not lined, with black glands scattered all over.

Leaves

spreading or ascending, usually sessile, rarely petiolate (to 1 mm);

blade elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 14–40(–58) × 3–17(–22.5) mm, base cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to retuse, rarely acute to obtuse, midrib with 3–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered).

persistent or tardily deciduous, (base not articulated).

Inflorescences

subcorymbiform to cylindric, 10–206(–600)-flowered, subsidiary branches narrowly ascending to curved-ascending.

Flowers

8–15 mm diam.;

sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subequal, (1.5–)2–4 × 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute to rounded;

petals pale yellow, oblanceolate to elliptic, 3–6(–9) mm;

stamens (20–)30–60;

anther gland black;

styles 1–4 mm.

6–35 mm diam.;

sepals persistent, 5;

petals persistent, 5;

stamens persistent, 20–109, in 5 fascicles, fascicles connate as 2 + 2 + 1;

ovary 3(–4)-merous;

placentation axile;

styles spreading, bases distinct;

stigmas relatively small.

Capsules

ovoid to subglobose, 2.5–6 × 2–3.5(–4) mm, with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles.

Seeds

not carinate, 0.5–0.7 mm;

testa linear-reticulate.

not or slightly carinate.

Species

22 (8, including 1 hybrid, in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.

2n

= 14, 16.

Hypericum punctatum

Hypericum sect. Hypericum

Phenology Flowering summer (May–Sep).
Habitat Open or slightly shaded, dry to marshy habitats
Elevation 50–1200 m (200–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NF; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
Discussion

Hypericum punctatum has been confused with H. pseudomaculatum; it can almost always be distinguished by style length and anther gland (black in H. punctatum, amber or pellucid in H. pseudomaculatum). D. E. Culwell’s (1970) record of one specimen of the latter from Missouri with a black anther gland could refer to a hybrid; he and other authors agree that such plants are rare, despite the considerable overlap in distribution of these species. Culwell remarked on the unexpected fecundity of the experimentally produced cross H. graveolens × punctatum but nowhere compared the resulting plants with H. ×mitchellianum, a probable hybrid with that parentage (see discussion

under H. ×mitchellianum. Both H. punctatum and H. ×mitchellianum (but not H. graveolens) display a ring of 16 chromosomes at meiosis, and Culwell suggested that this phenomenon may imply some degree of pseudogamy in the group. C. R. Bell (1965) recorded n = 7 chromosomes for this species; his illustration shows n = 8.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 22 (8 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs rarely with rooting base, bushy; leaf blades usually conduplicate; sepals markedly imbricate.
H. concinnum
1. Herbs usually with rooting base (except H. punctatum), not bushy; leaf blades not conduplicate; sepals not or scarcely imbricate.
→ 2
2. Stems with black glands in raised lines or without black glands; leaf blades: tertiary veins not densely reticulate, black glands intramarginal, (± dense to spaced), and laminar, (relatively few and distal or absent); capsules ovoid, broadly ovoid, narrowly ovoid-pyramidal, or oblanceoloid
→ 3
2. Stems with black glands scattered on or near lines or all over; leaf blades: tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered); capsules ellipsoid, ovoid, broadly ovoid, or subglobose
→ 5
3. Stems from rooting, creeping base, internodes weakly 2-lined or not lined, without black glands, rarely with reddish glands; petals sometimes red-tinged.
H. scouleri
3. Stems from rooting, not creeping, base, internodes 2- or 4-lined, with black glands in lines; petals not red-tinged
→ 4
4. Stems: internodes (at least some) 4-lined; sepals broadly ovate to oblong, apex rounded-apiculate to erose-denticulate; capsules with longitudinal vittae (narrow linear glands).
H. maculatum
4. Stems: internodes 2-lined; sepals lanceolate or narrowly oblong to linear, apex acute to aristate; capsules with longitudinal vittae and shorter, oblique vittae.
H. perforatum
5. Leaf blade apex usually acute, rarely obtuse to rounded; inflorescence subsidiary branches ascending to widely spreading; anther gland amber or pellucid.
H. pseudomaculatum
5. Leaf blade apex usually obtuse, rounded, retuse, or subretuse, rarely acute; inflorescence subsidiary branches narrowly ascending or curved-ascending; anther gland black
→ 6
6. Inflorescences (2–)5–14(–22)-flowered; petals 11–18 mm; styles 5.6–12 mm.
H. graveolens
6. Inflorescences (5–)13–600-flowered; petals 3–11 mm; styles 1–5 mm
→ 7
7. Stems with black glands on or near lines or all over; flowers 15–20 mm diam.; capsules with longitudinal vittae.
H. ×mitchellianum
7. Stems with black glands scattered; flowers 8–15 mm diam.; capsules with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles.
H. punctatum
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 101. FNA vol. 6, p. 97.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum Hypericaceae > Hypericum
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Subordinate taxa
H. concinnum, H. graveolens, H. maculatum, H. perforatum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. scouleri, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. maculatum var. corymbosum, H. maculatum var. heterophyllum, H. maculatum var. subcordifolium, H. maculatum var. subpetiolatum, H. micranthum, H. subpetiolatum H. section Concinna, H. section Graveolentia
Name authority Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 164. (1797) unknown
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