Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum majus |
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spotted St. John's-wort |
greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur |
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Habit | Herbs erect to ascending, with rarely rooting, branching base, 1.3–10.5 dm. | Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm. |
Stems | clustered, internodes not lined, with black glands scattered all over. |
internodes 4-angled. |
Leaves | spreading or ascending, usually sessile, rarely petiolate (to 1 mm); blade elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 14–40(–58) × 3–17(–22.5) mm, base cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to retuse, rarely acute to obtuse, midrib with 3–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered). |
spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul; blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches. |
Inflorescences | subcorymbiform to cylindric, 10–206(–600)-flowered, subsidiary branches narrowly ascending to curved-ascending. |
corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial. |
Flowers | 8–15 mm diam.; sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subequal, (1.5–)2–4 × 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute to rounded; petals pale yellow, oblanceolate to elliptic, 3–6(–9) mm; stamens (20–)30–60; anther gland black; styles 1–4 mm. |
6–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm; stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 2.5–6 × 2–3.5(–4) mm, with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles. |
narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
Seeds | not carinate, 0.5–0.7 mm; testa linear-reticulate. |
0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
2n | = 14, 16. |
= 16. |
Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum majus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (May–Sep). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Open or slightly shaded, dry to marshy habitats | Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats |
Elevation | 50–1200 m (200–3900 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NF; NS; ON; QC
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CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
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Discussion | Hypericum punctatum has been confused with H. pseudomaculatum; it can almost always be distinguished by style length and anther gland (black in H. punctatum, amber or pellucid in H. pseudomaculatum). D. E. Culwell’s (1970) record of one specimen of the latter from Missouri with a black anther gland could refer to a hybrid; he and other authors agree that such plants are rare, despite the considerable overlap in distribution of these species. Culwell remarked on the unexpected fecundity of the experimentally produced cross H. graveolens × punctatum but nowhere compared the resulting plants with H. ×mitchellianum, a probable hybrid with that parentage (see discussion under H. ×mitchellianum. Both H. punctatum and H. ×mitchellianum (but not H. graveolens) display a ring of 16 chromosomes at meiosis, and Culwell suggested that this phenomenon may imply some degree of pseudogamy in the group. C. R. Bell (1965) recorded n = 7 chromosomes for this species; his illustration shows n = 8. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 101. | FNA vol. 6, p. 91. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. maculatum var. corymbosum, H. maculatum var. heterophyllum, H. maculatum var. subcordifolium, H. maculatum var. subpetiolatum, H. micranthum, H. subpetiolatum | H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 164. (1797) | (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894) |
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