Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum hypericoides |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
spotted St. John's-wort |
St. Andrew's cross |
|||||
Habit | Herbs erect to ascending, with rarely rooting, branching base, 1.3–10.5 dm. | Subshrubs or shrubs, erect or decumbent to prostrate, unbranched or branched, sometimes diffuse and mat-forming, 0.5–3 or 3–15 dm. | ||||
Stems | clustered, internodes not lined, with black glands scattered all over. |
internodes 2-winged. |
||||
Leaves | spreading or ascending, usually sessile, rarely petiolate (to 1 mm); blade elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 14–40(–58) × 3–17(–22.5) mm, base cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to retuse, rarely acute to obtuse, midrib with 3–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered). |
blades oblanceolate or narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 7–25 × 1–8.5 mm, base not articulated, usually cuneate, sometimes rounded, with glandlike auricles, margins subrecurved, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with 1–2 pairs of branches. |
||||
Inflorescences | subcorymbiform to cylindric, 10–206(–600)-flowered, subsidiary branches narrowly ascending to curved-ascending. |
narrowly cylindric to pyramidal, 1–12-flowered from 1–4 nodes, sometimes with branches from to 10 proximal nodes, or branching more elaborate and pseudodichotomous; pedicels erect in fruit, bracteoles distal. |
||||
Flowers | 8–15 mm diam.; sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subequal, (1.5–)2–4 × 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute to rounded; petals pale yellow, oblanceolate to elliptic, 3–6(–9) mm; stamens (20–)30–60; anther gland black; styles 1–4 mm. |
10–20 mm diam.; sepals persistent, enclosing capsule, 4, unequal, outer ovate-suborbiculate to narrowly elliptic, 5–12.5 × 2–13 mm, apex subapiculate to obtuse, inner lanceolate, 1–4 × 2 mm, apex acute; petals 4, bright to pale yellow, obovate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6–12 mm; stamens persistent, 40–50; ovary 2-merous. |
||||
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 2.5–6 × 2–3.5(–4) mm, with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles. |
narrowly compressed-ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 5–9 × 2–4 mm. |
||||
Seeds | not carinate, 0.5–0.7 mm; testa linear-reticulate. |
not carinate, 0.6–0.8 mm; testa finely linear-reticulate to linear-foveolate. |
||||
2n | = 14, 16. |
|||||
Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum hypericoides |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering summer (May–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Open or slightly shaded, dry to marshy habitats | |||||
Elevation | 50–1200 m (200–3900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NF; NS; ON; QC
|
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; West Indies (Bahamas, Greater Antilles); Bermuda; Central America (Guatemala, Honduras)
|
||||
Discussion | Hypericum punctatum has been confused with H. pseudomaculatum; it can almost always be distinguished by style length and anther gland (black in H. punctatum, amber or pellucid in H. pseudomaculatum). D. E. Culwell’s (1970) record of one specimen of the latter from Missouri with a black anther gland could refer to a hybrid; he and other authors agree that such plants are rare, despite the considerable overlap in distribution of these species. Culwell remarked on the unexpected fecundity of the experimentally produced cross H. graveolens × punctatum but nowhere compared the resulting plants with H. ×mitchellianum, a probable hybrid with that parentage (see discussion under H. ×mitchellianum. Both H. punctatum and H. ×mitchellianum (but not H. graveolens) display a ring of 16 chromosomes at meiosis, and Culwell suggested that this phenomenon may imply some degree of pseudogamy in the group. C. R. Bell (1965) recorded n = 7 chromosomes for this species; his illustration shows n = 8. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Hypericum hypericoides can be distinguished from H. crux-andreae by the two-merous ovary, narrower leaves, smaller flowers, and more richly-branched stems. It is variable in leaf and sepal shape and size; three subspecies can be recognized. The erect bushy form (subsp. hypericoides) is most widespread and has given rise to a northern diffuse form (subsp. multicaule) in the United States and a prostrate form (subsp. prostratum N. Robson) in Hispaniola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 101. | FNA vol. 6, p. 87. | ||||
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. maculatum var. corymbosum, H. maculatum var. heterophyllum, H. maculatum var. subcordifolium, H. maculatum var. subpetiolatum, H. micranthum, H. subpetiolatum | Ascyrum hypericoides | ||||
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 164. (1797) | (Linnaeus) Crantz: Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 520. (1766) | ||||
Web links |