Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum crux-andreae |
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spotted St. John's-wort |
Atlantic St. Peter's-wort, St. Peter's wort |
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Habit | Herbs erect to ascending, with rarely rooting, branching base, 1.3–10.5 dm. | Shrubs, usually erect to suberect, rarely decumbent and rooting, usually unbranched, rarely sparsely branched distally, 1–13.5 dm. |
Stems | clustered, internodes not lined, with black glands scattered all over. |
internodes 2–4-lined at first, then 2-winged. |
Leaves | spreading or ascending, usually sessile, rarely petiolate (to 1 mm); blade elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 14–40(–58) × 3–17(–22.5) mm, base cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to retuse, rarely acute to obtuse, midrib with 3–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins, black glands intramarginal (dense) and laminar (scattered). |
blades usually oblong to elliptic, rarely obovate to oblanceolate or triangular-ovate, 12–36 × 6–16 mm, base articulated, rounded to slightly cordate-amplexicaul, without glandlike auricles, margins plane to subrecurved, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with to 3 pairs of branches. |
Inflorescences | subcorymbiform to cylindric, 10–206(–600)-flowered, subsidiary branches narrowly ascending to curved-ascending. |
± narrowly cylindric to narrowly pyramidal, 1–3(–7)-flowered, branching dichasial, from to 4 proximal nodes. |
Flowers | 8–15 mm diam.; sepals not imbricate, erect in fruit, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subequal, (1.5–)2–4 × 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute to rounded; petals pale yellow, oblanceolate to elliptic, 3–6(–9) mm; stamens (20–)30–60; anther gland black; styles 1–4 mm. |
20–30 mm diam.; sepals persistent, enclosing capsule, 4, unequal, outer broadly ovate to circular, 9–20 × 9–18 mm, apex apiculate or obtuse to rounded, inner narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 7–14 × 2–4 mm, apex acute to subacute; petals 4, bright yellow, obovate, 11–18 mm; stamens persistent, 80–100; ovary 3(–4)-merous. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 2.5–6 × 2–3.5(–4) mm, with longitudinal vittae or elongate to ovoid vesicles. |
narrowly ellipsoid-ovoid, 7–10 × 5–6.5 mm. |
Seeds | not carinate, 0.5–0.7 mm; testa linear-reticulate. |
not carinate, 0.8 mm; testa shallowly scalariform. |
2n | = 14, 16. |
= 18. |
Hypericum punctatum |
Hypericum crux-andreae |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (May–Sep). | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open or slightly shaded, dry to marshy habitats | Moist to dry, pine savannas and flatwoods, meadows, bogs, other wet habitats, lake and pond margins |
Elevation | 50–1200 m (200–3900 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NF; NS; ON; QC
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Hypericum punctatum has been confused with H. pseudomaculatum; it can almost always be distinguished by style length and anther gland (black in H. punctatum, amber or pellucid in H. pseudomaculatum). D. E. Culwell’s (1970) record of one specimen of the latter from Missouri with a black anther gland could refer to a hybrid; he and other authors agree that such plants are rare, despite the considerable overlap in distribution of these species. Culwell remarked on the unexpected fecundity of the experimentally produced cross H. graveolens × punctatum but nowhere compared the resulting plants with H. ×mitchellianum, a probable hybrid with that parentage (see discussion under H. ×mitchellianum. Both H. punctatum and H. ×mitchellianum (but not H. graveolens) display a ring of 16 chromosomes at meiosis, and Culwell suggested that this phenomenon may imply some degree of pseudogamy in the group. C. R. Bell (1965) recorded n = 7 chromosomes for this species; his illustration shows n = 8. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum crux-andreae, long known as Ascyrum stans, is a derivative of H. frondosum in which the tetramerous tendency in the perianth has become fixed. The low, multistemmed form with cuneate leaves, longer- pedicellate flowers, and shorter sepals (A. cuneifolium, A. stans var. obovatum) cannot be separated from typical H. crux-andreae. Linnaeus included “Hypericum ex terra mariana, floribus exiguis luteis” under his phrase name for Ascyrum crux-andreae; that element of the protologue refers to H. mutilum Linnaeus; see N. K. B. Robson (1980). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 101. | FNA vol. 6, p. 85. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum | Hypericaceae > Hypericum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. maculatum var. corymbosum, H. maculatum var. heterophyllum, H. maculatum var. subcordifolium, H. maculatum var. subpetiolatum, H. micranthum, H. subpetiolatum | Ascyrum crux-andreae, A. cuneifolium, A. grandiflorum, A. simplex, A. stans var. obovatum, Hypericoides crux-andreae, H. stans |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 164. (1797) | (Linnaeus) Crantz: Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 520. (1766) |
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