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greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur

Habit Herbs annual or perennial, erect or decumbent at base, not rooting, branches basal, relatively few or none, 1–7 dm. Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm.
Stems

internodes 4-angled.

internodes 4-angled.

Leaves

erect to spreading, sessile;

blade linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate to linear, 5–33 × 0.5–2 mm, leathery, margins plane to revolute, apex acute, basal veins 1(–3), midrib with (0–)1–3 pairs of branches.

spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul;

blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

narrowly V-shaped, 1–50-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial.

Flowers

10–15 mm diam.;

sepals narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, subequal to unequal, 3–7 × 0.8–1.6 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute;

petals golden yellow to orange-yellow, red-tinged , oblanceolate to obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 35–50, irregularly 3-fascicled;

styles 2.5–5 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

6–7 mm diam.;

sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute;

petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm;

stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled;

styles 0.6–1 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

Capsules

± narrowly ovoid-conic, 4–9 × 2–4 mm.

narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle.

Seeds

0.5–0.7 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

0.5–0.7 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

2n

= 16.

Hypericum paucifolium

Hypericum majus

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
Habitat Dry, grassy habitats, roadsides Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico
from FNA
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
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Discussion

The relatively long styles distinguish Hypericum paucifolium from all other North American species of sect. Trigynobrathys.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 95. FNA vol. 6, p. 91.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 25: 143. (1890) (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894)
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