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Kalm's St. John's-wort, millepertuis de Kalm

Habit Herbs annual or perennial, erect or decumbent at base, not rooting, branches basal, relatively few or none, 1–7 dm. Shrubs, erect, forming slender to rounded or flat-topped bush, (1.4–)2–6(–10) dm.
Stems

internodes 4-angled.

internodes 4-lined at first, then terete.

Leaves

erect to spreading, sessile;

blade linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate to linear, 5–33 × 0.5–2 mm, leathery, margins plane to revolute, apex acute, basal veins 1(–3), midrib with (0–)1–3 pairs of branches.

blades narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or linear, (15–)20–45 × 3–7(–10) mm, base articulated, narrowly cuneate to subattenuate, margins subrecurved to revolute, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with 9–14 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

narrowly V-shaped, 1–50-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

usually (1–)3–7(+)-flowered from apical node, rarely with flowers from 1–2 proximal nodes.

Flowers

10–15 mm diam.;

sepals narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, subequal to unequal, 3–7 × 0.8–1.6 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute;

petals golden yellow to orange-yellow, red-tinged , oblanceolate to obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 35–50, irregularly 3-fascicled;

styles 2.5–5 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

20–35 mm diam.;

sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, (4–)5, elliptic or oblong to obovate, subequal, 4–9 × 1.5–5 mm;

petals (4–)5, golden yellow, obovate to oblong, 8–15 mm;

stamens deciduous, 150–200;

ovary (3–)5(–6)-merous.

Capsules

± narrowly ovoid-conic, 4–9 × 2–4 mm.

narrowly ovoid-conic, 7–11 × 4–7 mm.

Seeds

0.5–0.7 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

narrowly carinate, 0.7–1.1 mm;

testa subscalariform.

2n

= 18.

Hypericum paucifolium

Hypericum kalmianum

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering summer (Jul–Aug).
Habitat Dry, grassy habitats, roadsides Sandy or calcareous dune slacks or swales, rocky shores, plains and low prairies, along streams, sphagnum-sedge swamps
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 10–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico
from FNA
IL; IN; MI; NY; OH; WI; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The relatively long styles distinguish Hypericum paucifolium from all other North American species of sect. Trigynobrathys.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum kalmianum is a northern derivative of H. prolificum with shorter stems, narrower leaves, fewer and larger flowers, and, usually, five styles and placentae. Natural hybrids with H. prolificum have been reported from Wisconsin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 95. FNA vol. 6, p. 77.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms Norysca kalmiana
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 25: 143. (1890) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 783. (1753)
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