Hypericum mutilum |
Hypericum kalmianum |
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dwarf St. John's-wort, small Canadian St. John's-wort, small flower st john's wort |
Kalm's St. John's-wort, millepertuis de Kalm |
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Habit | Herbs annual or perennial, usually erect, sometimes decumbent and rooting, basal branches sometimes present, usually with to 10 pairs of spreading branches distal to middle, 0.5–8 dm. | Shrubs, erect, forming slender to rounded or flat-topped bush, (1.4–)2–6(–10) dm. | ||||
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes 4-lined at first, then terete. |
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Leaves | spreading, sessile or amplexicaul; blade paler abaxially, ovate, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong (proximal), ovate or suborbiculate to elliptic or lanceolate (mid and distal), 3–27(–40) × 1–15 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex obtuse to rounded, basal veins 3–5, midrib with to 3 pairs of branches. |
blades narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or linear, (15–)20–45 × 3–7(–10) mm, base articulated, narrowly cuneate to subattenuate, margins subrecurved to revolute, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with 9–14 pairs of branches. |
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Inflorescences | cylindric, 5–60-flowered, branching mostly dichasial; bracts linear-subulate. |
usually (1–)3–7(+)-flowered from apical node, rarely with flowers from 1–2 proximal nodes. |
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Flowers | 3–5 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, equal or unequal, 2–4.5 × 0.6–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex usually acute to apiculate, sometimes obtuse to rounded; petals pale yellow, oblong, 1.7–3.5 mm; stamens 5–16, scarcely grouped; styles 0.5 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
20–35 mm diam.; sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, (4–)5, elliptic or oblong to obovate, subequal, 4–9 × 1.5–5 mm; petals (4–)5, golden yellow, obovate to oblong, 8–15 mm; stamens deciduous, 150–200; ovary (3–)5(–6)-merous. |
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Capsules | narrowly ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 2–5 × 1.6–2.4 mm, usually broadest at or near middle. |
narrowly ovoid-conic, 7–11 × 4–7 mm. |
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Seeds | 0.4–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
narrowly carinate, 0.7–1.1 mm; testa subscalariform. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Hypericum mutilum |
Hypericum kalmianum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (Jul–Aug). | |||||
Habitat | Sandy or calcareous dune slacks or swales, rocky shores, plains and low prairies, along streams, sphagnum-sedge swamps | |||||
Elevation | 10–400 m (0–1300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK [Introduced in w North America]
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IL; IN; MI; NY; OH; WI; ON; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum kalmianum is a northern derivative of H. prolificum with shorter stems, narrower leaves, fewer and larger flowers, and, usually, five styles and placentae. Natural hybrids with H. prolificum have been reported from Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 93. | FNA vol. 6, p. 77. | ||||
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sarothra mutila | Norysca kalmiana | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 787. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 783. (1753) | ||||
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