Hypericum majus |
Hypericum perforatum |
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greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur |
Chase-devil, common St. John's-wort, Klamath weed, millepertuis commun, Tipton's weed |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm. | |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
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Leaves | spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul; blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches. |
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Inflorescences | corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial. |
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Flowers | 6–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm; stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
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Capsules | narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
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Seeds | 0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Hypericum majus |
Hypericum perforatum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). | |
Habitat | Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats | |
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
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AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia (sw Arabia, China, India, Mongolia, Siberia); n Africa [Also introduced widely elsewhere]
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Discussion | Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (1 in the flora). Hypericum perforatum has been introduced into various parts of the world, including North America, where only subsp. perforatum is represented. The range of variation in the flora area is less than occurs in Europe, and signs of hybridization that are common there are absent in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 91. | FNA vol. 6, p. 99. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major | |
Name authority | (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 785. (1753) |
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