Hypericum majus |
Hypericum anagalloides |
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greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur |
bog john's-wort, bog St. John's-wort, creeping St. John's-wort, tinker's penny |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm. | Herbs annual or perennial, decumbent to ascending, with diffusely branching and rooting base, forming loose mats, not usually branched distally, 0.3–1.5 dm. |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes 4-angled. |
Leaves | spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul; blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches. |
spreading, sessile or subamplexicaul; blade ovate or orbiculate to elliptic or oblanceolate (proximal) or oblong (distal), 3–13 × 1.5–8.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal veins 3–5(–7), distally looped, midrib unbranched. |
Inflorescences | corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial. |
loosely corymbiform, 1–14-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
Flowers | 6–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm; stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
3–5(–8) mm diam.; sepals usually narrowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-spatulate, rarely obovate, unequal, 2–4 × 0.9–2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex subacute to rounded; petals golden yellow to salmon-orange, oblanceolate, (1.7–)3.5–5 mm; stamens (5–)12–15(–25), separate or obscurely 3-fascicled; styles 0.5–2 mm; stigmas scarcely capitate. |
Capsules | narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
ellipsoid to cylindric or subglobose, 2.5–5 × 1.7–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | 0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
0.5–0.6 mm; testa linear-scalariform. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Hypericum majus |
Hypericum anagalloides |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). | Flowering spring–late summer (May–Sep). |
Habitat | Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats | Bogs, ditches, lake and stream margins, meadows, other damp habitats |
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | 50–2700 m (200–8900 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
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AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
As reflected in the synonymy, Hypericum anagalloides is variable; none of the variations merits taxonomic recognition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 91. | FNA vol. 6, p. 95. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major | H. anagalloides var. calicifolium, H. anagalloides var. cymosum, H. anagalloides var. nevadense, H. anagalloides var. pumilum, H. anagalloides var. ramigerum, H. anagalloides var. undulatum, H. bryophytum, H. tapetoides |
Name authority | (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894) | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 127. (1828) |
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