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sandhill St. Johnswort

Norton's St. John's-wort, Scouler's St. John's-wort, western john's-wort, western St. John's-wort

Habit Shrubs, decumbent, straggling and rooting, forming low, rounded clumps or mats, 1–5 dm. Herbs erect or ascending, with rooting, creeping, branching base, 0.5–6.6(–8) dm.
Stems

internodes (4-) or 6-lined at first, then terete.

internodes usually weakly 2-lined, sometimes not lined, without black glands, rarely with reddish glands.

Leaves

blades linear-subulate, 13–25 × 0.5–0.8 mm, base articulated, parallel, margins revolute, apex rounded to retuse, midrib unbranched.

usually spreading, rarely erect, sessile or (proximal) subpetiolate;

blade oblong-elliptic or elliptic to triangular-ovate or (proximal) obovate, 12–28(–32) × 6–15(–18) mm, base subcordate to rounded or (proximal) cuneate, margins plane, apex obtuse to rounded, midrib with 4–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins not densely reticulate, black glands intramarginal (± dense) and, rarely, (1–2) laminar (distal).

Inflorescences

narrowly pyramidal, 1–3-flowered, with 1–3(–5)-flowered dichasia from to 5 proximal nodes, without additional flowering branches;

pedicels 0.5 mm.

cylindric to narrowly pyramidal, (1–)8–20-flowered.

Flowers

12–14 mm diam.;

sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, linear-subulate, unequal, (3–)4.5–7 × 0.5–0.8 mm;

petals 5, golden yellow, oblanceolate-oblong, 5–7.5 mm;

stamens deciduous, 100;

ovary 3-merous.

6–15(–25) mm diam.;

sepals not or scarcely imbricate, erect in fruit, ovate to lanceolate or narrowly oblong, unequal to subequal, 2.5–5.5 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to rounded;

petals golden yellow, sometimes red-tinged, oblanceolate, 7–12 mm;

stamens 50–90(–109);

anther gland black;

styles 2–8 mm.

Capsules

ovoid, 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm.

oblanceoloid, 6–10 × 3.5–6 mm, with longitudinal vittae.

Seeds

carinate, 0.7 mm;

testa not seen.

not carinate, (0.5–)0.7–0.8 mm;

testa linear-reticulate.

2n

= 16.

Hypericum lloydii

Hypericum scouleri

Phenology Flowering summer (Aug). Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
Habitat Dry habitats (pine woods, granite outcrops, roadside embankments), inner coastal plain and foothills Wet meadows and banks, coniferous forests, screes, lake margins, marshes, tidal shores
Elevation 100–300 m (300–1000 ft) 0–2900 m (0–9500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The habit, leaf shape, and drier habitats distinguish Hypericum lloydii from H. galioides.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Some authors have included Hypericum scouleri in central Mexican H. formosum Kunth as a synonym, subspecies, or variety; the similarities in sepal form and glandularity between these species are due to convergence. Hypericum formosum is related to another Mexican species (H. oaxacanum R. Keller); the affinities of H. scouleri are with the H. attenuatum group from eastern Asia. Hypericum scouleri itself does occur in northern and central Mexico as far south as Michoacán, México, and Hidalgo, where it is known by the synonym H. simulans Rose.

J. M. Gillett and N. K. B. Robson (1981) treated the dwarf alpine form of Hypericum scouleri as subsp. nortoniae. Further work has revealed a range of intermediate forms between the two putative subspecies, which prevents their recognition. Likewise, the differentiation of a southern population (H. formosum subsp. formosum in the sense of C. L. Hitchcock) from a northern one [H. formosum subsp. scouleri (Hooker) C. L. Hitchcock] based on the broader, blunter, and less-glandular sepals in the latter, does not appear warranted.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 79. FNA vol. 6, p. 100.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Hypericum
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. galioides var. lloydii H. formosum subsp. scouleri, H. formosum var. scouleri, H. nortoniae, H. scouleri subsp. nortoniae
Name authority (Svenson) W. P. Adams: Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 32. (1962) Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 111. (1831)
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