Hypericum lissophloeus |
Hypericum canadense |
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smooth-bark St. John's wort |
Canadian St. John's-wort, lesser Canadian St. John's wort, lesser St. John's-wort, millepertuis de Canada |
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Habit | Shrubs, erect, sparsely branched, forming dense clumps sometimes with prop roots, to 40 dm, bark smooth and metallic-silvery, without laticifers, exfoliating in thin, curled plates. | Herbs annual or perennial, erect, basal branches relatively few or none, usually with strict, ascending branches from distal nodes, 0.3–7.5 dm. |
Stems | internodes 4-lined at first, soon 4-angled, then terete, dull silvery, glaucous. |
internodes 4-angled. |
Leaves | blades linear-subulate to acicular, (9–)12–17 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glaucous, base articulated, parallel or almost so, margins revolute, apex obtuse to rounded, midrib unbranched. |
erect or spreading, sessile or subsessile; blade linear to oblanceolate-linear or (proximal) oblanceolate to obovate, 6–55 × 0.5–5.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal or near-basal veins 1–3(–5), midrib with 1–4 pairs of branches. |
Inflorescences | narrowly cylindric, 1–3-flowered, usually with paired flowers or triads from to 9 proximal nodes. |
corymbiform to cylindric, usually diffuse, 1–35-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
Flowers | 20 mm diam.; sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, linear-subulate, subequal, 7–8 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glaucous; petals 5, bright yellow, obovate-spatulate, 10–12 mm; stamens deciduous, 170–220; ovary 3-merous; styles 5 mm. |
5–6 mm diam.; sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, equal, 2.5–4.5 × 0.8–1 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 2.5–4 mm; stamens 12–25, obscurely 3–5-fascicled; styles 0.5–0.8 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
Capsules | narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–7 × 2.5–3.5 mm. |
narrowly conic to conic-cylindric, 4–6 × 1.5–3 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
Seeds | narrowly carinate, 1–1.6 mm; testa coarsely reticulate-sulcate. |
0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
2n | = 18. |
= 16. |
Hypericum lissophloeus |
Hypericum canadense |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall (Jun–Oct). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Pond and lake margins to 1.5 m deep water | Fens, marshes, depressions, lake and pond margins |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
FL |
CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM [Introduced in Europe (Ireland, The Netherlands)]
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Hypericum lissophloeus is found in Bay and Washington counties. The larger capsules, one- to three-flowered, lateral inflorescence branches, and smooth-polished, metallic bark (that exfoliates like that of Betula species) are among the features that distinguish H. lissophloeus from H. fasciculatum, H. nitidum, and their allies (H. brachyphyllum and H. chapmanii). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum canadense is closely related to H. majus; it hybridizes with that species and with H. mutilum, producing intermediate forms. Hypericum ×dissimulatum E. P. Bicknell appears to comprise a continuous series of hybrids between H. canadense and H. mutilum or H. boreale such that it is not always possible to say which of these species is involved. Hypericum ×dissimulatum has been recorded from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec and from Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia. J. Rousseau reduced Hypericum canadense var. minimum to a form; it does not seem to merit any recognition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 80. | FNA vol. 6, p. 92. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Brathys canadensis, H. canadense var. galiiforme, H. canadense var. magninsulare, H. canadense var. minimum | |
Name authority | W. P. Adams: Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 21. (1962) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 785. (1753) |
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