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St. Andrew's cross

Habit Plants decumbent to prostrate, branching from base, mat-forming, 0.5–3 dm. Subshrubs or shrubs, erect or decumbent to prostrate, unbranched or branched, sometimes diffuse and mat-forming, 0.5–3 or 3–15 dm.
Stems

internodes 2-winged.

Leaf

blades usually oblanceolate, 10–20 × 3–6 mm, broadest beyond middle.

blades oblanceolate or narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 7–25 × 1–8.5 mm, base not articulated, usually cuneate, sometimes rounded, with glandlike auricles, margins subrecurved, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with 1–2 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

branching dichasial (1–3-flowered) or lateral.

narrowly cylindric to pyramidal, 1–12-flowered from 1–4 nodes, sometimes with branches from to 10 proximal nodes, or branching more elaborate and pseudodichotomous;

pedicels erect in fruit, bracteoles distal.

Flowers

10–20 mm diam.;

sepals persistent, enclosing capsule, 4, unequal, outer ovate-suborbiculate to narrowly elliptic, 5–12.5 × 2–13 mm, apex subapiculate to obtuse, inner lanceolate, 1–4 × 2 mm, apex acute;

petals 4, bright to pale yellow, obovate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6–12 mm;

stamens persistent, 40–50;

ovary 2-merous.

Capsules

narrowly compressed-ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 5–9 × 2–4 mm.

Seeds

not carinate, 0.6–0.8 mm;

testa finely linear-reticulate to linear-foveolate.

2n

= 18.

Hypericum hypericoides subsp. multicaule

Hypericum hypericoides

Phenology Flowering summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Dry, rocky slopes, road embankments, dry to moist, rich woods
Elevation 70–900 m (200–3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; VA; WV
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; West Indies (Bahamas, Greater Antilles); Bermuda; Central America (Guatemala, Honduras)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

Hypericum hypericoides can be distinguished from H. crux-andreae by the two-merous ovary, narrower leaves, smaller flowers, and more richly-branched stems. It is variable in leaf and sepal shape and size; three subspecies can be recognized.

The erect bushy form (subsp. hypericoides) is most widespread and has given rise to a northern diffuse form (subsp. multicaule) in the United States and a prostrate form (subsp. prostratum N. Robson) in Hispaniola.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants erect, usually unbranched from base and freely branched well above ground level; leaf blades usually narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, broadest near middle.
subsp. hypericoides
1. Plants decumbent to prostrate, branching from base; leaf blades usually oblanceolate, broadest beyond middle.
subsp. multicaule
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 87. FNA vol. 6, p. 87.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra > Hypericum hypericoides Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra
Sibling taxa
H. hypericoides subsp. hypericoides
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Subordinate taxa
H. hypericoides subsp. hypericoides, H. hypericoides subsp. multicaule
Synonyms Ascyrum multicaule, A. helianthemifolium, A. hypericoides var. multicaule, A. spathulatum, H. hypericoides var. multicaule, H. stragulum Ascyrum hypericoides
Name authority (Michaux ex Willdenow) N. Robson: Taxon 29: 273. (1980) (Linnaeus) Crantz: Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 520. (1766)
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