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St. Andrew's cross

Habit Herbs perennial, semiaquatic or aquatic, erect, branching with long-creeping rhizomes at aerenchymatous base and from mid and distal nodes, 3–10 dm. Subshrubs or shrubs, erect or decumbent to prostrate, unbranched or branched, sometimes diffuse and mat-forming, 0.5–3 or 3–15 dm.
Stems

internodes 4-lined.

internodes 2-winged.

Leaves

ascending to deflexed, sessile;

blade narrowly oblong-elliptic (proximal) or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10–30 × 3–8 mm, mostly longer than internodes, not or scarcely smaller distally, leathery, margins plane, apex acute, basal or near-basal veins 1–3(–5), midrib with 0–2 pairs of branches.

blades oblanceolate or narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 7–25 × 1–8.5 mm, base not articulated, usually cuneate, sometimes rounded, with glandlike auricles, margins subrecurved, apex rounded to obtuse, midrib with 1–2 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

broadly pyramidal to subcorymbiform, 1(–30)-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

narrowly cylindric to pyramidal, 1–12-flowered from 1–4 nodes, sometimes with branches from to 10 proximal nodes, or branching more elaborate and pseudodichotomous;

pedicels erect in fruit, bracteoles distal.

Flowers

4–10 mm diam.;

sepals lanceolate, usually unequal, 3–5 × 0.8–1 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate;

petals orange-yellow, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 50–80, irregularly grouped;

styles 2–4 mm;

stigmas capitate.

10–20 mm diam.;

sepals persistent, enclosing capsule, 4, unequal, outer ovate-suborbiculate to narrowly elliptic, 5–12.5 × 2–13 mm, apex subapiculate to obtuse, inner lanceolate, 1–4 × 2 mm, apex acute;

petals 4, bright to pale yellow, obovate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6–12 mm;

stamens persistent, 40–50;

ovary 2-merous.

Capsules

ellipsoid to rostrate-subglobose, 3–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm.

narrowly compressed-ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 5–9 × 2–4 mm.

Seeds

0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm;

testa obscurely linear-reticulate to irregularly reticulate.

not carinate, 0.6–0.8 mm;

testa finely linear-reticulate to linear-foveolate.

2n

= 24.

Hypericum harperi

Hypericum hypericoides

Phenology Flowering mid–late summer (Jul–Sep).
Habitat Open Taxodium swamps, wet pine barrens
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; West Indies (Bahamas, Greater Antilles); Bermuda; Central America (Guatemala, Honduras)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

Hypericum hypericoides can be distinguished from H. crux-andreae by the two-merous ovary, narrower leaves, smaller flowers, and more richly-branched stems. It is variable in leaf and sepal shape and size; three subspecies can be recognized.

The erect bushy form (subsp. hypericoides) is most widespread and has given rise to a northern diffuse form (subsp. multicaule) in the United States and a prostrate form (subsp. prostratum N. Robson) in Hispaniola.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants erect, usually unbranched from base and freely branched well above ground level; leaf blades usually narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, broadest near middle.
subsp. hypericoides
1. Plants decumbent to prostrate, branching from base; leaf blades usually oblanceolate, broadest beyond middle.
subsp. multicaule
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 90. FNA vol. 6, p. 87.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Subordinate taxa
H. hypericoides subsp. hypericoides, H. hypericoides subsp. multicaule
Synonyms Ascyrum hypericoides
Name authority R. Keller: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 198. (1923) (Linnaeus) Crantz: Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 520. (1766)
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