Hypericum gymnanthum |
Hypericum galioides |
|
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claspingleaf St. Johnswort, small-flower St. John's wort |
bedstraw St. Johnswort |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, usually erect, sometimes shortly decumbent and rooting, basal branches none, rarely with 1–3(–6) pairs of narrowly ascending branches distally, 0.6–7 dm. | Shrubs, erect, forming rounded clumps, 5–15 dm. |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes 6-lined at first, soon 4-lined, then terete. |
Leaves | spreading, sessile or amplexicaul; blade usually ovate-triangular to broadly ovate, rarely oblong (mid and distal blades lanceolate-deltate), 5–25 × 3–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex usually subacute, basal veins (3–)5, midrib usually with 1–2 pairs of branches. |
blades narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate to linear, 15–32(–37) × 1–7 mm, base articulated, attenuate, margins recurved to revolute, apex rounded to acute, midrib obscurely branched. |
Inflorescences | laxly corymbiform to cylindric, (1–)5–65-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
narrowly cylindric, 3–15-flowered from apical node, with (1–)3–5-flowered dichasia from 3–4 proximal nodes, sometimes with additional flowering branches. |
Flowers | 4.5–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate, equal, 3–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; petals bright yellow, oblanceolate, 2–4 mm; stamens 10–14, scarcely grouped; styles 0.5–0.7 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
9–14 mm diam.; sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, oblanceolate-spatulate to linear, subequal or equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm; petals 5, bright yellow, obovate-oblanceolate, 5–9 mm; stamens deciduous, 60–120; ovary 3-merous, placentation parietal. |
Capsules | narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 3–5 × 1.5–2 mm, usually broadest at or near middle. |
narrowly ovoid-conic, 4.5–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 0.5–0.6 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
narrowly carinate, 0.7–0.8 mm; testa finely reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 18. |
Hypericum gymnanthum |
Hypericum galioides |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). | Flowering summer (Jun–Aug). |
Habitat | Bogs, ditches, open and cleared woods, damp habitats | Wet or moist, open habitats (stream banks, flood plains, roadside ditches, low pine forest, etc.), coastal plain |
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America (Guatemala) [Introduced Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
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Discussion | Hypericum gymnanthum was introduced into Poland; it is now extinct there. It is closely related to H. mutilum; it differs from that species in the broader, usually deltate leaves; fewer, stricter branches; no condensed apical stem internode; and larger flowers with lanceolate to ovate sepals. Hybrids of Hypericum gymnanthum with H. mutilum have been reported from Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and, perhaps erroneously, with H. canadense from Virginia. Hypericum gymnanthum has clearly been introduced (recently?) into the Azores, not necessarily by man. Seeds may well have been carried there by birds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The leaves of Hypericum galioides vary considerably in width; the lamina is always visible on either side of the midrib. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 93. | FNA vol. 6, p. 78. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. canadense var. cardiophyllum, H. mutilum var. gymnanthum, Sarothra gymnantha | Brathydium ambiguum, H. ambiguum, H. axillare, H. galioides var. ambiguum, H. galioides var. axillare, H. michauxii, Myriandra galioides, M. michauxii |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 212. (1845) | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 161. (1797) |
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