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claspingleaf St. Johnswort, small-flower St. John's wort

bedstraw St. Johnswort

Habit Herbs annual, usually erect, sometimes shortly decumbent and rooting, basal branches none, rarely with 1–3(–6) pairs of narrowly ascending branches distally, 0.6–7 dm. Shrubs, erect, forming rounded clumps, 5–15 dm.
Stems

internodes 4-angled.

internodes 6-lined at first, soon 4-lined, then terete.

Leaves

spreading, sessile or amplexicaul;

blade usually ovate-triangular to broadly ovate, rarely oblong (mid and distal blades lanceolate-deltate), 5–25 × 3–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex usually subacute, basal veins (3–)5, midrib usually with 1–2 pairs of branches.

blades narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate to linear, 15–32(–37) × 1–7 mm, base articulated, attenuate, margins recurved to revolute, apex rounded to acute, midrib obscurely branched.

Inflorescences

laxly corymbiform to cylindric, (1–)5–65-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

narrowly cylindric, 3–15-flowered from apical node, with (1–)3–5-flowered dichasia from 3–4 proximal nodes, sometimes with additional flowering branches.

Flowers

4.5–7 mm diam.;

sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate, equal, 3–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate;

petals bright yellow, oblanceolate, 2–4 mm;

stamens 10–14, scarcely grouped;

styles 0.5–0.7 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

9–14 mm diam.;

sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, oblanceolate-spatulate to linear, subequal or equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm;

petals 5, bright yellow, obovate-oblanceolate, 5–9 mm;

stamens deciduous, 60–120;

ovary 3-merous, placentation parietal.

Capsules

narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 3–5 × 1.5–2 mm, usually broadest at or near middle.

narrowly ovoid-conic, 4.5–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm.

Seeds

0.5–0.6 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

narrowly carinate, 0.7–0.8 mm;

testa finely reticulate.

2n

= 16.

= 18.

Hypericum gymnanthum

Hypericum galioides

Phenology Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). Flowering summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Bogs, ditches, open and cleared woods, damp habitats Wet or moist, open habitats (stream banks, flood plains, roadside ditches, low pine forest, etc.), coastal plain
Elevation 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America (Guatemala) [Introduced Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hypericum gymnanthum was introduced into Poland; it is now extinct there. It is closely related to H. mutilum; it differs from that species in the broader, usually deltate leaves; fewer, stricter branches; no condensed apical stem internode; and larger flowers with lanceolate to ovate sepals.

Hybrids of Hypericum gymnanthum with H. mutilum have been reported from Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and, perhaps erroneously, with H. canadense from Virginia.

Hypericum gymnanthum has clearly been introduced (recently?) into the Azores, not necessarily by man. Seeds may well have been carried there by birds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The leaves of Hypericum galioides vary considerably in width; the lamina is always visible on either side of the midrib.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 93. FNA vol. 6, p. 78.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. canadense var. cardiophyllum, H. mutilum var. gymnanthum, Sarothra gymnantha Brathydium ambiguum, H. ambiguum, H. axillare, H. galioides var. ambiguum, H. galioides var. axillare, H. michauxii, Myriandra galioides, M. michauxii
Name authority Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 212. (1845) Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 161. (1797)
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