Hypericum gymnanthum |
Hypericum fasciculatum |
|
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claspingleaf St. Johnswort, small-flower St. John's wort |
peelbark St. Johnswort, sandweed |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, usually erect, sometimes shortly decumbent and rooting, basal branches none, rarely with 1–3(–6) pairs of narrowly ascending branches distally, 0.6–7 dm. | Shrubs, erect, much-branched distally, bushy, not treelike, usually forming mounds, to 15(–30) dm, bark thick, smooth, thin-corky and spongy, exfoliating in thin, papery sheets or plates. |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes 6-lined at first, soon 2-winged, then terete, not glaucous. |
Leaves | spreading, sessile or amplexicaul; blade usually ovate-triangular to broadly ovate, rarely oblong (mid and distal blades lanceolate-deltate), 5–25 × 3–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex usually subacute, basal veins (3–)5, midrib usually with 1–2 pairs of branches. |
blades linear-subulate, 8–20 × 0.7–1 mm, not glaucous, base articulated, parallel, margins revolute, apex sometimes slightly broadened, midrib unbranched. |
Inflorescences | laxly corymbiform to cylindric, (1–)5–65-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
rounded-pyramidal to corymbiform, sometimes intercalary as result of resumed vegetative growth, (3–)7–32-flowered, sometimes with single flowers or 3–5-flowered dichasia from to 3 proximal nodes. |
Flowers | 4.5–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate, equal, 3–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; petals bright yellow, oblanceolate, 2–4 mm; stamens 10–14, scarcely grouped; styles 0.5–0.7 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
13–16 mm diam.; sepals deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, linear-subulate, unequal, (3–)4.5–8(–10) × 0.5 mm, not glaucous; petals 5, bright yellow, obovate-spatulate, 6–9 mm; stamens deciduous, 70–100; ovary 3-merous; styles 2.5–4 mm. |
Capsules | narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 3–5 × 1.5–2 mm, usually broadest at or near middle. |
± narrowly ovoid-conic to ovoid-ellipsoid, 5.5 × 2.5–3 mm. |
Seeds | 0.5–0.6 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
not carinate, 0.4 mm; testa finely foveolate-reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 18. |
Hypericum gymnanthum |
Hypericum fasciculatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). | Flowering spring–fall (Apr–Nov). |
Habitat | Bogs, ditches, open and cleared woods, damp habitats | Ponds and lake margins, marshes, ditches, coastal plain |
Elevation | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America (Guatemala) [Introduced Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Hypericum gymnanthum was introduced into Poland; it is now extinct there. It is closely related to H. mutilum; it differs from that species in the broader, usually deltate leaves; fewer, stricter branches; no condensed apical stem internode; and larger flowers with lanceolate to ovate sepals. Hybrids of Hypericum gymnanthum with H. mutilum have been reported from Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and, perhaps erroneously, with H. canadense from Virginia. Hypericum gymnanthum has clearly been introduced (recently?) into the Azores, not necessarily by man. Seeds may well have been carried there by birds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The thick, often spongy, bark, relatively long axillary leaf clusters, paired leaf grooves flanking the midrib abaxially, broader inflorescence, and broader capsules distinguish Hypericum fasciculatum (and H. chapmanii) from H. nitidum and its relatives. Hypericum aspalathoides Willdenow is an illegitimate name for H. fasciculatum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 93. | FNA vol. 6, p. 81. |
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. canadense var. cardiophyllum, H. mutilum var. gymnanthum, Sarothra gymnantha | H. fasciculatum var. aspalathoides, H. fulgidum, H. galioides var. fasciculatum |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 212. (1845) | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 160. (1797) |
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