Hypericum cistifolium |
Hypericum |
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roundpod St. Johnswort |
millepertuis, St. Andrew's cross, St. John's-wort |
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Habit | Shrubs, erect, unbranched or with relatively short branches and sometimes 1–2 branches ascending from proximal nodes, 5–13 dm. | Herbs, annual or perennial, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], sometimes rhizomatous, glabrous or hairy, with glandular canals, lacunae, or dots containing resins or waxes (amber), essential oils (pale, translucent), and/or, sometimes, hypericin and pseudohypericin (black or red) in various parts. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | internodes 4-lined at first, then terete. |
internodes terete (not lined) or 2-, 4-, or 6-lined at first (lines usually raised), then sometimes becoming angled, terete, or winged; bark smooth or striate, sometimes corky, punctiform. |
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Leaf | blades narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong to triangular-lanceolate, 15–40 × 2–10 mm, base not articulated, cuneate to subcordate, margins recurved, apex subacute to rounded, midrib with 1 pair of branches. |
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Inflorescences | corymbiform to cylindric, (7–)15–65-flowered, narrowly branched, sometimes with 3–65-flowered dichasia from 1–2 proximal nodes and relatively short, flowering branches from further 1–4 nodes. |
terminal, cymose, 2+-flowered, or flowers solitary, branching stellate [cupulate]; sepals persistent or deciduous, (3–)4–5, distinct or ± connate, margins sometimes glandular-ciliate; petals persistent or deciduous, (3–)4–5[–6], contorted, yellow to orange, sometimes red-tinged; stamens persistent or deciduous, (5–)10–300(–650), in continuous or interrupted ring or in (3–)4–5 fascicles, fascicles distinct or connate, each with 1–60+ stamens; filaments distinct or basally connate; anthers yellow to orange, oblong to ellipsoid, almost isodiametric, sometimes with amber or black gland on connective; staminode fascicles 0 [3]; ovary 2–5-merous; placentation axile to parietal; ovules 2+ on each placenta; styles distinct or ± connate basally, spreading to ± appressed. |
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Flowers | 7–12 mm diam.; sepals persistent, not enclosing capsule, 5, obovate or broadly elliptic to oblong, unequal, 2–4 × 1–1.7 mm; petals 5, bright yellow, oblanceolate, 5–8 mm; stamens (some or all) persistent, 30–50; ovary 3-merous, placentation parietal. |
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Capsules | ovoid-cylindric to broadly ovoid, 4–6 × 3–4 mm. |
2–5-valved, sometimes with glandular vittae or vesicles. |
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Seeds | not carinate, 0.6 mm; testa reticulate to linear-foveolate. |
narrowly cylindric to ellipsoid, sometimes carinate; testa foveolate or reticulate to scalariform [papillose]. |
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x | = 12, 9–7, 6 (dihaploid). |
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2n | = 18. |
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Hypericum cistifolium |
Hypericum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–early fall (Apr–Oct). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Pine flatwoods, margins of bogs, swamps, and marshes, ditches, on sand, coastal plain | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
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Nearly worldwide |
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Discussion | Hypericum cistifolium is woodier in habit than H. sphaerocarpum and has shorter leaves, smaller flowers, narrower sepals, narrower capsules, and smaller seeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 490 (54 in the flora). Shrubs with deciduous leaves, petals, and stamens belong to either Hypericum sect. Ascyreia Choisy (with five stamen fascicles and five styles) or sect. Androsaemum (Duhamel) Godron (with five stamen fascicles and three or four styles). These are all introductions, mostly garden escapes. Those in sect. Ascyreia include: Hypericum calycinum Linnaeus, a low shrub with creeping stolons and flowers 50–95 mm diam. that has been found in California, Oregon, and Washington; H. ×moserianum Luquet ex André, its hybrid with H. patulum Thunberg, a low (sterile?) branching shrub with red anthers; and H. hookerianum Wight & Arnott, a shrub to 2 m tall with narrow leaves and a dense ring of relatively short stamens, recorded from California (its identity requires confirmation). In sect. Androsaemum, H. androsaemum is a deciduous shrub with relatively small flowers and baccate fruits that ripen from cherry-red to black; it has been found in British Columbia and in California and Washington. Introduced herbaceous species with three stamen fascicles and three styles include: Hypericum hirsutum, with hairy stems and leaves (Ontario); H. tetrapterum, with four-winged internodes and lanceolate sepals (British Columbia and Washington); H. pulchrum with cordate leaves and red-tinged petals (Newfoundland, St. Pierre and Miquelon); and H. humifusum Linnaeus, a procumbent herb with unequal sepals (British Columbia). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 82. | FNA vol. 6, p. 72. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra | Hypericaceae | ||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | H. opacum, H. punctulosum, H. rosmarinifolium | Ascyrum, Crookea, Sanidophyllum, Sarothra | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 158. (1797) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 783. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 341. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||
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