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Canary Island st john's wort, Canary Islands St. John's wort

coppery St. John's wort

Habit Shrubs erect, bushy, 10–50 dm. Herbs perennial, erect, branching at usually aerenchymatous base and in inflorescence, 2–7 dm.
Stems

internodes 4-lined at first, then terete.

internodes 4-lined.

Leaves

spreading, sessile;

blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly elliptic-oblong, 20–70 × 5–15 mm, (proximal usually narrower), base narrowly cuneate to subangustate, margins plane, apex acute to apiculate-obtuse, midrib with 8–12 pairs of branches, tertiary veins densely reticulate toward margins.

(main stem) spreading to appressed, sessile;

blade usually broadly to narrowly ovate, rarely elliptic or lanceolate, 4–20 × 5–15(–18) mm, mostly shorter than internodes, leathery, margins plane, apex acute to subrounded, densely gland-dotted, basal veins 1–5, if 1, midrib with 2–3 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

broadly rounded-pyramidal to broadly cylindric, to 30-flowered.

broadly pyramidal to corymbiform, to 25-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

Flowers

sepals lanceolate, unequal, 3–4.5 × 1–2.2 mm;

petals bright yellow, not red-tinged, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 12–17 mm;

anther gland yellow to orange;

styles widely spreading, 8–14 mm.

5–13 mm diam.;

sepals ovate or lanceolate to elliptic or obovate, subequal, 3–8 × 1.5–4 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute;

petals orange-yellow, obovate, 5–10 mm;

stamens 50–80, irregularly grouped;

styles 2–4 mm;

stigmas clavate.

Capsules

pyramidal-ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 9–12 × 7–8 mm.

ovoid to rostrate-subglobose, 3–5 × 2–3 mm.

Seeds

1.5–2 mm, narrowly winged;

testa linear-reticulate to linear-foveolate.

0.4–0.7 mm;

testa obscurely linear-reticulate to finely ribbed-scalariform.

2n

= 40.

Hypericum canariense

Hypericum denticulatum

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering summer–early fall (Jun–Sep).
Habitat Disturbed sites Wet woods, marshes, bogs
Elevation 20–500 m (100–1600 ft) 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; DE; GA; NC; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TN; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hypericum canariense is established at Montecito and Santa Barbara in the hills (P. A. Munz 1974) and along the coast north of Santa Cruz to San Francisco, at locations in Orange and San Mateo counties, and in the San Diego coast region.

The description above agrees with that for Hypericum floribundum regarding sepals lanceolate and acute; in typical H. canariense they are oblong-spatulate and rounded. The variation is continuous; only one species is recognized here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

D. H. Webb (1980) regarded the disjunct populations in North Carolina and Tennessee as possible relicts and the Alabama one as due to recent introduction. J. R. Allison (2011) agreed and, in his opinion, the Pennsylvania and Virginia records are historical, and Hypericum denticulatum is likely adventive in Georgia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 96. FNA vol. 6, p. 89.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Webbia Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. floribundum, Webbia canariensis, W. floribunda H. angulosum, H. denticulatum var. ovalifolium, H. laevigatum, H. virgatum var. ovalifolium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 784. (1753) Walter: Fl. Carol., 190. (1788)
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