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Canadian St. John's-wort, lesser Canadian St. John's wort, lesser St. John's-wort, millepertuis de Canada

Habit Shrubs, erect, branches ascending, 4–7 dm. Herbs annual or perennial, erect, basal branches relatively few or none, usually with strict, ascending branches from distal nodes, 0.3–7.5 dm.
Stems

internodes narrowly 4-winged at first, then 2-lined.

internodes 4-angled.

Leaves

blades oblong to elliptic-oblong, 20–40 × 12–20 mm, base not articulated, broadly cuneate, margins usually plane, rarely recurved, apex rounded to retuse, midrib with 6 pairs of branches.

erect or spreading, sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to oblanceolate-linear or (proximal) oblanceolate to obovate, 6–55 × 0.5–5.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal or near-basal veins 1–3(–5), midrib with 1–4 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

terminal (1–)3–5(–8)-flowered, narrowly branched.

corymbiform to cylindric, usually diffuse, 1–35-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

Flowers

15 mm diam.;

sepals tardily deciduous, not enclosing capsule, 5, spatulate to elliptic or ovate, unequal, 3–5 × 1.5–2.3 mm;

petals 5, coppery yellow, oblong, 8–10 mm length 2 times sepals;

stamens deciduous, 60–80;

ovary 3-merous, placentation incompletely axile.

5–6 mm diam.;

sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, equal, 2.5–4.5 × 0.8–1 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate;

petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 2.5–4 mm;

stamens 12–25, obscurely 3–5-fascicled;

styles 0.5–0.8 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

Capsules

cylindric-conic, 6–15 × 4.5–8 mm.

narrowly conic to conic-cylindric, 4–6 × 1.5–3 mm, broadest proximal to middle.

Seeds

scarcely carinate, 1.8–2 mm;

testa finely scalariform-reticulate.

0.5–0.7 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

2n

= 16.

Hypericum apocynifolium

Hypericum canadense

Phenology Flowering summer (Jun). Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
Habitat Stream banks and moist woods, coastal plain and inland valleys Fens, marshes, depressions, lake and pond margins
Elevation 10–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; FL; LA; OK; TX
from FNA
CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM [Introduced in Europe (Ireland, The Netherlands)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hypericum apocynifolium has been included in H. nudiflorum; it can be distinguished from the latter by the fewer, larger flowers with relatively longer, persistent sepals, the larger, thicker-walled capsules, and the seeds, which are ridged and straight rather than carinate and curved.

A record from Georgia in the Flint River drainage has not been verified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum canadense is closely related to H. majus; it hybridizes with that species and with H. mutilum, producing intermediate forms. Hypericum ×dissimulatum E. P. Bicknell appears to comprise a continuous series of hybrids between H. canadense and

H. mutilum or H. boreale such that it is not always possible to say which of these species is involved. Hypericum ×dissimulatum has been recorded from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec and from Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia.

J. Rousseau reduced Hypericum canadense var. minimum to a form; it does not seem to merit any recognition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 82. FNA vol. 6, p. 92.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Myriandra Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms Brathys canadensis, H. canadense var. galiiforme, H. canadense var. magninsulare, H. canadense var. minimum
Name authority Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 616. (1898) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 785. (1753)
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