Hypericum anagalloides |
Hypericum scouleri |
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bog john's-wort, bog St. John's-wort, creeping St. John's-wort, tinker's penny |
Norton's St. John's-wort, Scouler's St. John's-wort, western john's-wort, western St. John's-wort |
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Habit | Herbs annual or perennial, decumbent to ascending, with diffusely branching and rooting base, forming loose mats, not usually branched distally, 0.3–1.5 dm. | Herbs erect or ascending, with rooting, creeping, branching base, 0.5–6.6(–8) dm. |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes usually weakly 2-lined, sometimes not lined, without black glands, rarely with reddish glands. |
Leaves | spreading, sessile or subamplexicaul; blade ovate or orbiculate to elliptic or oblanceolate (proximal) or oblong (distal), 3–13 × 1.5–8.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal veins 3–5(–7), distally looped, midrib unbranched. |
usually spreading, rarely erect, sessile or (proximal) subpetiolate; blade oblong-elliptic or elliptic to triangular-ovate or (proximal) obovate, 12–28(–32) × 6–15(–18) mm, base subcordate to rounded or (proximal) cuneate, margins plane, apex obtuse to rounded, midrib with 4–5 pairs of branches, tertiary veins not densely reticulate, black glands intramarginal (± dense) and, rarely, (1–2) laminar (distal). |
Inflorescences | loosely corymbiform, 1–14-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
cylindric to narrowly pyramidal, (1–)8–20-flowered. |
Flowers | 3–5(–8) mm diam.; sepals usually narrowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-spatulate, rarely obovate, unequal, 2–4 × 0.9–2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex subacute to rounded; petals golden yellow to salmon-orange, oblanceolate, (1.7–)3.5–5 mm; stamens (5–)12–15(–25), separate or obscurely 3-fascicled; styles 0.5–2 mm; stigmas scarcely capitate. |
6–15(–25) mm diam.; sepals not or scarcely imbricate, erect in fruit, ovate to lanceolate or narrowly oblong, unequal to subequal, 2.5–5.5 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to rounded; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-tinged, oblanceolate, 7–12 mm; stamens 50–90(–109); anther gland black; styles 2–8 mm. |
Capsules | ellipsoid to cylindric or subglobose, 2.5–5 × 1.7–2.5 mm. |
oblanceoloid, 6–10 × 3.5–6 mm, with longitudinal vittae. |
Seeds | 0.5–0.6 mm; testa linear-scalariform. |
not carinate, (0.5–)0.7–0.8 mm; testa linear-reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Hypericum anagalloides |
Hypericum scouleri |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–late summer (May–Sep). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Bogs, ditches, lake and stream margins, meadows, other damp habitats | Wet meadows and banks, coniferous forests, screes, lake margins, marshes, tidal shores |
Elevation | 50–2700 m [160–8900 ft] | 0–2900 m [0–9500 ft] |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | As reflected in the synonymy, Hypericum anagalloides is variable; none of the variations merits taxonomic recognition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some authors have included Hypericum scouleri in central Mexican H. formosum Kunth as a synonym, subspecies, or variety; the similarities in sepal form and glandularity between these species are due to convergence. Hypericum formosum is related to another Mexican species (H. oaxacanum R. Keller); the affinities of H. scouleri are with the H. attenuatum group from eastern Asia. Hypericum scouleri itself does occur in northern and central Mexico as far south as Michoacán, México, and Hidalgo, where it is known by the synonym H. simulans Rose. J. M. Gillett and N. K. B. Robson (1981) treated the dwarf alpine form of Hypericum scouleri as subsp. nortoniae. Further work has revealed a range of intermediate forms between the two putative subspecies, which prevents their recognition. Likewise, the differentiation of a southern population (H. formosum subsp. formosum in the sense of C. L. Hitchcock) from a northern one [H. formosum subsp. scouleri (Hooker) C. L. Hitchcock] based on the broader, blunter, and less-glandular sepals in the latter, does not appear warranted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 95. | FNA vol. 6, p. 100. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. anagalloides var. calicifolium, H. anagalloides var. cymosum, H. anagalloides var. nevadense, H. anagalloides var. pumilum, H. anagalloides var. ramigerum, H. anagalloides var. undulatum, H. bryophytum, H. tapetoides | H. formosum subsp. scouleri, H. formosum var. scouleri, H. nortoniae, H. scouleri subsp. nortoniae |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 127. (1828) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 111. (1831) |
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