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bog john's-wort, bog St. John's-wort, creeping St. John's-wort, tinker's penny

greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur

Habit Herbs annual or perennial, decumbent to ascending, with diffusely branching and rooting base, forming loose mats, not usually branched distally, 0.3–1.5 dm. Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm.
Stems

internodes 4-angled.

internodes 4-angled.

Leaves

spreading, sessile or subamplexicaul;

blade ovate or orbiculate to elliptic or oblanceolate (proximal) or oblong (distal), 3–13 × 1.5–8.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal veins 3–5(–7), distally looped, midrib unbranched.

spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul;

blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches.

Inflorescences

loosely corymbiform, 1–14-flowered, branching mostly dichasial.

corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial.

Flowers

3–5(–8) mm diam.;

sepals usually narrowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-spatulate, rarely obovate, unequal, 2–4 × 0.9–2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex subacute to rounded;

petals golden yellow to salmon-orange, oblanceolate, (1.7–)3.5–5 mm;

stamens (5–)12–15(–25), separate or obscurely 3-fascicled;

styles 0.5–2 mm;

stigmas scarcely capitate.

6–7 mm diam.;

sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute;

petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm;

stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled;

styles 0.6–1 mm;

stigmas broadly capitate.

Capsules

ellipsoid to cylindric or subglobose, 2.5–5 × 1.7–2.5 mm.

narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle.

Seeds

0.5–0.6 mm;

testa linear-scalariform.

0.5–0.7 mm;

testa finely linear-scalariform.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Hypericum anagalloides

Hypericum majus

Phenology Flowering spring–late summer (May–Sep). Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
Habitat Bogs, ditches, lake and stream margins, meadows, other damp habitats Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats
Elevation 50–2700 m [160–8900 ft] 0–1200 m [0–3900 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

As reflected in the synonymy, Hypericum anagalloides is variable; none of the variations merits taxonomic recognition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 95. FNA vol. 6, p. 91.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys Hypericaceae > Hypericum > sect. Brathys
Sibling taxa
H. adpressum, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. majus, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
H. adpressum, H. anagalloides, H. apocynifolium, H. ascyron, H. boreale, H. brachyphyllum, H. buckleyi, H. canadense, H. canariense, H. chapmanii, H. cistifolium, H. concinnum, H. crux-andreae, H. cumulicola, H. densiflorum, H. denticulatum, H. dolabriforme, H. drummondii, H. edisonianum, H. ellipticum, H. erythreae, H. fasciculatum, H. frondosum, H. galioides, H. gentianoides, H. graveolens, H. gymnanthum, H. harperi, H. hypericoides, H. kalmianum, H. lissophloeus, H. lloydii, H. lobocarpum, H. maculatum, H. microsepalum, H. mutilum, H. myrtifolium, H. nitidum, H. nudiflorum, H. paucifolium, H. perforatum, H. prolificum, H. pseudomaculatum, H. punctatum, H. radfordiorum, H. scouleri, H. setosum, H. sphaerocarpum, H. suffruticosum, H. tenuifolium, H. tetrapetalum, H. virgatum, H. ×mitchellianum
Synonyms H. anagalloides var. calicifolium, H. anagalloides var. cymosum, H. anagalloides var. nevadense, H. anagalloides var. pumilum, H. anagalloides var. ramigerum, H. anagalloides var. undulatum, H. bryophytum, H. tapetoides H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major
Name authority Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 127. (1828) (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894)
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