Hypericum anagalloides |
Hypericum majus |
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bog john's-wort, bog St. John's-wort, creeping St. John's-wort, tinker's penny |
greater Canada St. John's-wort, greater Canadian St. John's-wort, large Canadian St. John's-wort, large St. John's wort, millepertuis majeur |
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Habit | Herbs annual or perennial, decumbent to ascending, with diffusely branching and rooting base, forming loose mats, not usually branched distally, 0.3–1.5 dm. | Herbs perennial, erect, branching at base and in inflorescence, branches relatively few, 0.5–7 dm. |
Stems | internodes 4-angled. |
internodes 4-angled. |
Leaves | spreading, sessile or subamplexicaul; blade ovate or orbiculate to elliptic or oblanceolate (proximal) or oblong (distal), 3–13 × 1.5–8.5 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex rounded, basal veins 3–5(–7), distally looped, midrib unbranched. |
spreading, sessile or distal subamplexicaul; blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic or (proximal) oblanceolate, 10–45 × (2–)6–12 mm, papery to membranous, margins plane, apex acute to rounded, basal or near-basal veins (3–)5–7, midrib with to 4 pairs of branches. |
Inflorescences | loosely corymbiform, 1–14-flowered, branching mostly dichasial. |
corymbiform to cylindric, 3–30-flowered, usually compact, branching mostly dichasial. |
Flowers | 3–5(–8) mm diam.; sepals usually narrowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-spatulate, rarely obovate, unequal, 2–4 × 0.9–2 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex subacute to rounded; petals golden yellow to salmon-orange, oblanceolate, (1.7–)3.5–5 mm; stamens (5–)12–15(–25), separate or obscurely 3-fascicled; styles 0.5–2 mm; stigmas scarcely capitate. |
6–7 mm diam.; sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, equal, 3.5–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow, sometimes red-veined, oblanceolate, 3.5–6 mm; stamens 12–21, obscurely 5-fascicled; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas broadly capitate. |
Capsules | ellipsoid to cylindric or subglobose, 2.5–5 × 1.7–2.5 mm. |
narrowly conic-ellipsoid, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadest proximal to middle. |
Seeds | 0.5–0.6 mm; testa linear-scalariform. |
0.5–0.7 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Hypericum anagalloides |
Hypericum majus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–late summer (May–Sep). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Bogs, ditches, lake and stream margins, meadows, other damp habitats | Fens, marshes, ditches, lake and stream margins, other damp habitats |
Elevation | 50–2700 m [160–8900 ft] | 0–1200 m [0–3900 ft] |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (France, Germany), e Asia (Japan)]
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Discussion | As reflected in the synonymy, Hypericum anagalloides is variable; none of the variations merits taxonomic recognition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hypericum majus was the western member of a vicariant species pair, differing from the originally eastern member (H. canadense) by the broader leaves, usually more-congested inflorescence, and larger flowers. These species became sympatric in glaciated northeastern North America and now hybridize freely, notably in Wisconsin (F. H. Utech and H. H. Iltis 1970). Hybrids are intermediate in form between the parents and have also been recorded from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Hypericum majus hybridizes also with H. mutilum, with subsp. mutilum in Maine, and with subsp. boreale in Michigan and Wisconsin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 95. | FNA vol. 6, p. 91. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. anagalloides var. calicifolium, H. anagalloides var. cymosum, H. anagalloides var. nevadense, H. anagalloides var. pumilum, H. anagalloides var. ramigerum, H. anagalloides var. undulatum, H. bryophytum, H. tapetoides | H. canadense var. majus, H. mutilum var. longifolium, Sarothra major |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 127. (1828) | (A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 225. (1894) |
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