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bitter hymenoxys, bitter rubberweed, fragrant bitter weed, poison rubberweed, western bitterweed

alkali hymenoxys, Lemmon's bitterweed, Lemmon's goldflower, Lemmon's rubberweed, Lemmon's rubberweed or bitterweed

Habit Annuals, 10–80 cm (robust). Perennials, 30–50 cm (polycarpic; often with moderately branched, woody caudices).
Stems

1–25, usually purple-red-tinted proximally, sometimes throughout, often branched throughout, ± hairy.

3–10(–15), green throughout or purple-red-tinted proximally, branched distally, glabrous or ± sparsely hairy.

Leaves

blades simple or lobed (lobes 3–19+), ± hairy, gland-dotted;

mid leaves lobed (lobes 5–11+, terminal lobes 0.3–1 mm wide).

blades simple or lobed (lobes 3–13), glabrous or sparsely hairy, gland-dotted;

mid leaves lobed (lobes 3–7, terminal lobes 1.5–2.3 mm wide).

Peduncles

2–12 cm, sparsely hairy.

(1–)2–4.5 cm, glabrous or ± hairy.

Involucres

subhemispheric to campanulate to ± urceolate, 6–10 × 7–12.5 mm.

subhemispheric to campanulate, 8–11 × 12–15 mm.

Ray florets

8–13;

corollas yellow, 8.5–11 × 3–5.5 mm.

9–12;

corollas yellow, 10–16 × 4–6.5 mm.

Disc florets

50–150+;

corollas 2.6–4.1 mm.

50–125+;

corollas 3.5–4.2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 2 series, unequal;

outer 8–13, basally connate 1/4–1/3 their lengths, obovate to oblanceolate, 3.5–5.2 mm, apices acuminate;

inner 8–13, obovate, 3.8–5.9 mm, apices acuminate to acute.

in 2 series, unequal;

outer 10–12, basally connate 1/4–1/2 their lengths (moderately to strongly keeled), ovate to lanceolate, 4.5–7 mm, apices acuminate to acute;

inner 13–18(–28), obovate, 4–6 mm, apices usually mucronate.

Heads

15–350+ per plant in paniculiform arrays.

10–85+ per plant, in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

narrowly obpyramidal, 1.7–2.5 mm;

pappi of 5–6 obovate, aristate scales 1.6–2.3 mm.

obpyramidal to narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5–3.5 mm;

pappi of 5(–6) obovate, aristate scales (1.5–)2.1–2.8 mm.

2n

= 22, 24, 28, 30.

= 30.

Hymenoxys odorata

Hymenoxys lemmonii

Phenology Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Jun(–Aug). Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Roadsides, open flats, mesquite and creosote-bush flats, ditches and drainage areas, stream banks and bottoms Roadsides, open areas, meadows, on slopes, along drainages and streams
Elevation 60–1500 m (200–4900 ft) (800–)1400–2200(–3200) m ((2600–)4600–7200(–10500) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 437. FNA vol. 21, p. 443.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Hymenoxys Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Hymenoxys
Sibling taxa
H. ambigens, H. bigelovii, H. brachyactis, H. brandegeei, H. cooperi, H. grandiflora, H. helenioides, H. hoopesii, H. jamesii, H. lemmonii, H. quinquesquamata, H. richardsonii, H. rusbyi, H. subintegra, H. texana, H. vaseyi
H. ambigens, H. bigelovii, H. brachyactis, H. brandegeei, H. cooperi, H. grandiflora, H. helenioides, H. hoopesii, H. jamesii, H. odorata, H. quinquesquamata, H. richardsonii, H. rusbyi, H. subintegra, H. texana, H. vaseyi
Synonyms Picradenia lemmonii
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 661. (1836) (Greene) Cockerell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 477. (1904)
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