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alkali hymenoxys, Lemmon's bitterweed, Lemmon's goldflower, Lemmon's rubberweed, Lemmon's rubberweed or bitterweed

Cooper's golden-flower, Cooper's goldflower, Cooper's rubberweed, Cooper's rubberweed or bitterweed, ragged rustlers

Habit Perennials, 30–50 cm (polycarpic; often with moderately branched, woody caudices). Biennials or perennials, (10–)20–80(–100) cm (monocarpic; sometimes with sparingly branched, woody caudices).
Stems

3–10(–15), green throughout or purple-red-tinted proximally, branched distally, glabrous or ± sparsely hairy.

1–3(–15), usually purple-red-tinted proximally, sometimes purple-red-tinted throughout, branched distally, ± hairy.

Leaves

blades simple or lobed (lobes 3–13), glabrous or sparsely hairy, gland-dotted;

mid leaves lobed (lobes 3–7, terminal lobes 1.5–2.3 mm wide).

blades simple or lobed (lobes 3–9), ± hairy, gland-dotted (basal leaf bases ± long-villous-woolly);

mid leaves lobed (lobes 3–5, terminal lobes 1–2.5 mm wide).

Peduncles

(1–)2–4.5 cm, glabrous or ± hairy.

(2–)3.5–8(–13) cm, ± hairy.

Involucres

subhemispheric to campanulate, 8–11 × 12–15 mm.

subhemispheric to hemispheric, 8–10 × 10–17 mm.

Ray florets

9–12;

corollas yellow, 10–16 × 4–6.5 mm.

9–14;

corollas yellow, 10.2–17(–21.5) × 4–7.5(–9.2) mm.

Disc florets

50–125+;

corollas 3.5–4.2 mm.

30–150+;

corollas 2.7–4.8 mm.

Phyllaries

in 2 series, unequal;

outer 10–12, basally connate 1/4–1/2 their lengths (moderately to strongly keeled), ovate to lanceolate, 4.5–7 mm, apices acuminate to acute;

inner 13–18(–28), obovate, 4–6 mm, apices usually mucronate.

in 2 series, unequal;

outer 8–15, basally connate 1/3–1/2 their lengths (moderately to strongly keeled), lanceolate, 4.5–8.9 mm, apices acuminate to acute;

inner 14–22, obovate to oblanceolate, 4.1–6.8 mm, apices acuminate to mucronate.

Heads

10–85+ per plant, in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays.

(1–)7–45(–80) per plant, in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

obpyramidal to narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5–3.5 mm;

pappi of 5(–6) obovate, aristate scales (1.5–)2.1–2.8 mm.

narrowly obpyramidal, 1.7–3.7 mm;

pappi of 5–6(–8) obovate, aristate scales 1.3–3.3 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 30.

Hymenoxys lemmonii

Hymenoxys cooperi

Phenology Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Aug(–Sep). Flowering May–Jun(–Sep).
Habitat Roadsides, open areas, meadows, on slopes, along drainages and streams Roadsides, open areas, edges of juniper-pine forests
Elevation (800–)1400–2200(–3200) m ((2600–)4600–7200(–10500) ft) (1000–)1500–2500(–3500) m ((3300–)4900–8200(–11500) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; NV; OR; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Some plants of Hymenoxys cooperi, mostly 10–40 cm with mostly 1–6 heads, have been called var. canescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 443. FNA vol. 21, p. 442.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Hymenoxys Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Hymenoxys
Sibling taxa
H. ambigens, H. bigelovii, H. brachyactis, H. brandegeei, H. cooperi, H. grandiflora, H. helenioides, H. hoopesii, H. jamesii, H. odorata, H. quinquesquamata, H. richardsonii, H. rusbyi, H. subintegra, H. texana, H. vaseyi
H. ambigens, H. bigelovii, H. brachyactis, H. brandegeei, H. grandiflora, H. helenioides, H. hoopesii, H. jamesii, H. lemmonii, H. odorata, H. quinquesquamata, H. richardsonii, H. rusbyi, H. subintegra, H. texana, H. vaseyi
Synonyms Picradenia lemmonii Actinella cooperi, H. cooperi var. canescens
Name authority (Greene) Cockerell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 477. (1904) (A. Gray) Cockerell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 494. (1904)
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