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Howell's horkelia, Klamath horkelia

shaggy horkelia, Sierra horkelia

Habit Plants tufted to openly matted, ± green. Plants tufted or rosette-forming, green to grayish green.
Stems

ascending to erect, (0.9–)1.5–5 dm, hairs 1 mm proximally, glands absent or sparse distally.

ascending to erect, 1.5–5 dm, hairs 2–3 mm proximally, glands dense distally.

Basal leaves

± cylindric to weakly planar, 5–15 × 0.5–1.8(–2.5) cm, usually villous to pilose at least marginally, often glabrescent;

stipules deeply 2-lobed or pinnately divided into 3–5 linear to filiform lobes that often form a tangled mass;

leaflets 10–15 per side, ± overlapping, elliptic to flabellate, (3–)4–10(–15) × 2–8 mm, 1/2 to as wide as long, divided 1/2–3/4 to midrib into (0–)2–4 elliptic to linear lobes 1–2 mm wide, these not restricted to apex.

± planar, (3–)4–15 × 1–3 cm, usually villous at least abaxially, often densely so;

stipules entire, deeply 2-lobed, or pinnately divided into 3–5 linear lobes;

leaflets 2–6 per side, ± separate, narrowly cuneate or lanceolate-elliptic to oblong, 5–20 × (1–)2–5(–6) mm, 1/5–1/2 as wide as long, divided 1/6–1/4 or less to midrib into (0–)3(–5) ± ovate teeth 1–2 mm wide, these restricted to apex.

Cauline leaves

(2 or)3–5;

stipules 5–12(–15) mm, entire to deeply 2–4-lobed or -toothed (usually on 1 side).

2–7;

stipules 5–25(–30) mm, divided 3/4+ into linear or linear-lanceolate lobes, or incompletely divided or divided no more than 2/3 into lanceolate, often acuminate teeth.

Inflorescences

open, flowers arranged individually and/or in non-capitate glomerules.

open to congested, flowers usually arranged in ± capitate glomerules or corymbiform clusters.

Pedicels

1–6(–12) mm.

1–3(–6) mm.

Flowers

10 mm diam.;

epicalyx bractlets linear-lanceolate, 1–3 × 0.5 mm, ± 2/3 length of sepals;

hypanthium 1.1–1.5 × 2–3 mm, ± 1/2 to as deep as wide, interior glabrous;

sepals spreading to reflexed, abaxially green to reddish or purplish, 2.5–4.5 mm;

petals white to pink or red-veined, narrowly obcordate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, apex truncate or emarginate;

filaments 0.5–1.7 × 0.2–0.5 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm;

carpels 2–6;

styles 1.5–2 mm.

8–16 mm diam.;

epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 1–3 × 0.3–0.8 mm, ± 2/3 length of sepals;

hypanthium 2–2.5 × 3–4.5 mm, ± 1/2 to nearly as deep as wide, interior usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely pilose;

sepals spreading, abaxially green, 2–4.5 mm;

petals white to cream, ± obovate, (2.5–)3–6 × (1.5–)2–5 mm, apex ± rounded to ± emarginate;

filaments (0.5–)1–2 × (0.2–)0.4–0.6 mm, anthers 0.4–0.7(–1) mm;

carpels (6–)10–15(–20), styles 1.5–3 mm.

Achenes

brown, 2–2.7 mm, smooth.

brown, 1.6–2.2 mm, faintly rugose.

Horkelia howellii

Horkelia congesta

Phenology Flowering summer.
Habitat Chaparral, oak-conifer woodlands, mainly on serpentine soil
Elevation 60–1200 m (200–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

As noted above, Horkelia howellii comprises the bulk of what D. D. Keck (1938) and subsequent floras included in H. sericata, and the range of the latter is fully encompassed within that of the former. As here circumscribed, H. howellii occurs in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. The handful of collections from Humboldt and Trinity counties, California, including the type of Potentilla laxiflora Drew, have leaves approaching H. daucifolia but the inflorescence of H. howellii; exact petal color is uncertain.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

As discussed by D. D. Keck (1938) and analyzed by T. N. Kaye (unpubl., Oregon Dept. of Agriculture, 1995), Horkelia congesta comprises three population clusters that form a latitudinal gradient in Oregon west of the Cascade Range, transitioning to H. tridentata in the mountains of California. Populations of H. congesta in remnant prairies in the Willamette Valley (probably including the type of H. hirsuta Lindley) have relatively tall, erect stems, pectinate stipules, relatively numerous, narrow leaflets, openly branched inflorescences with flowers in corymbiform clusters, and clawed petals 5–6 × 4–5 mm. In contrast, populations centered in rocky serpentine flats within the Illinois River drainage in Josephine County, which were described by Keck as subsp. nemorosa, tend to have shorter ascending stems, less divided stipules, fewer and broader leaflets, more capitate inflorescences, and scarcely clawed petals 3–4 × 2–3 mm. The differences between these two extremes are blurred by populations from the Umpqua Valley in Douglas County (the probable type locality of H. congesta), as well as scattered populations in northern Jackson and Josephine counties. Based on morphometric analyses of 19 characters, Kaye concluded that the Umpqua material overlapped slightly with plants from the Willamette Valley, while the Josephine County populations clustered separately. He retained the Umpqua and Willamette valley populations as subsp. congesta, with mid stem stipule features of greatest diagnostic value. This taxonomic conclusion is adopted here, with a change of rank from subspecies to variety.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Cauline leaves: stipules divided 3/4+ into linear to linear-lanceolate lobes; inflorescences composed of ± corymbiform clusters to capitate glomerules; petals (3–)4–6 × (2–)3–5 mm; remnant prairies, Willamette and Umpqua valleys, Oregon.
var. congesta
1. Cauline leaves: stipules incompletely divided or divided no more than 2/3 into lanceolate, often acuminate teeth; inflorescences usually composed of ± capitate glomerules; petals 2.5–3(–4) × (1.5–)2–3 mm; serpentine flats, Illinois River drainage, Oregon, and Del Norte County, California.
var. nemorosa
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 265. FNA vol. 9, p. 267.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Horkelia > sect. Tridentatae Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Horkelia > sect. Tridentatae
Sibling taxa
H. bolanderi, H. californica, H. clevelandii, H. congesta, H. cuneata, H. daucifolia, H. fusca, H. hendersonii, H. hispidula, H. marinensis, H. parryi, H. rydbergii, H. sericata, H. tenuiloba, H. tridentata, H. truncata, H. tularensis, H. wilderae, H. yadonii
H. bolanderi, H. californica, H. clevelandii, H. cuneata, H. daucifolia, H. fusca, H. hendersonii, H. hispidula, H. howellii, H. marinensis, H. parryi, H. rydbergii, H. sericata, H. tenuiloba, H. tridentata, H. truncata, H. tularensis, H. wilderae, H. yadonii
Subordinate taxa
H. congesta var. congesta, H. congesta var. nemorosa
Synonyms Potentilla howellii Potentilla congesta
Name authority (Greene) Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 55. (1898) Douglas ex Hooker: Bot. Mag. 56: plate 2880. (1829)
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