Hordeum murinum |
Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum |
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bulbous barley, charming barley (ssp. leporinum), foxtail barley, hare barley, mouse barley, mouse barley (ssp. murinum), seagreen barley (ssp. glaucum), smooth barley, wall barley |
charming barley, farmer's foxtail, hare barley, leporinum barley, mouse barley |
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Habit | Plants annual; loosely tufted. | Plants winter annuals. | ||||||||
Culms | to 110 cm, usually erect, sometimes almost prostrate; nodes glabrous. |
30-110 cm. |
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Leaves | green. |
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Spikes | 3-8 cm long, 7-16 mm wide, pale green to distinctly reddish, especially the awns; rachises disarticulating at maturity. |
green at anthesis, often more or less purple just before maturity. |
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Lower | sheaths often completely surrounding the culms, glabrous or somewhat pilose; ligules 1-4 mm; auricles to 8 mm, well developed even on the upper leaves; blades to 28 cm, usually flat, occasionally with involute margins, glabrous or sparsely pilose, sometimes scabrous. |
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Central | spikelets sessile, florets sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 2 mm; glumes 11-25 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm wide, flattened, margins usually distinctly ciliate; lemmas 8-14 mm long, to 2 mm wide, more or less smooth, awned, awns 20-40 mm; lodicules glabrous or with 1+ cilia; anthers 0.2-3.2 mm, gray to yellow, sometimes with purple spots. |
floret pedicellate; lemmas and awns shorter than those of the lateral florets; anthers 0.9-3 mm. |
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Lateral | spikelets staminate, floret sessile; glumes flattened, margins ciliate; lemmas 8-15 mm, awned, awns 20-50 mm; paleas 8-15 mm; rachillas 2.5-6.5 mm, slender or gibbous, yellow. |
spikelets: paleas scabrous on the lower 1/2; anthers 1.2-3.2 mm; rachillas about 0.25 mm, pale. |
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2n | = 14, 28, 42. |
= 14, 28, 42. |
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Hordeum murinum |
Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum |
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Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; ID; MA; MD; ME; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; HI; AB; BC
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Discussion | Hordeum murinum is native to Eurasia, where it is a common weed in areas of human disturbance. It is thought to have originated around seasides, sandy riverbanks, and animal watering holes. It is now an established weed in the southwestern Flora region and other scattered locations. The records in Alaska are from the Anchorage area. Prostrate plants are associated with grazing. Three subspecies are recognized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum grows in waste places, roadsides, and disturbed areas in arid regions. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is now established in the Flora region, being most common in the western United States. A hexaploid cytotype has been found in Turkey, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and Iran. It has been named H. leporinum var. simulans Bowden. It is treated here as part of H. murinum subsp. leporinum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 250. | FNA vol. 24, p. 250. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum > Hordeum murinum | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | H. leporinum, Critesion murinum subsp. leporinum | |||||||||
Name authority | L. | (Link) Arcang. | ||||||||
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