The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

bulbous barley, charming barley (ssp. leporinum), foxtail barley, hare barley, mouse barley, mouse barley (ssp. murinum), seagreen barley (ssp. glaucum), smooth barley, wall barley

Photo is of parent taxon

charming barley, farmer's foxtail, hare barley, leporinum barley, mouse barley

Habit Plants annual; loosely tufted. Plants winter annuals.
Culms

to 110 cm, usually erect, sometimes almost prostrate;

nodes glabrous.

30-110 cm.

Leaves

green.

Spikes

3-8 cm long, 7-16 mm wide, pale green to distinctly reddish, especially the awns;

rachises disarticulating at maturity.

green at anthesis, often more or less purple just before maturity.

Lower

sheaths often completely surrounding the culms, glabrous or somewhat pilose;

ligules 1-4 mm;

auricles to 8 mm, well developed even on the upper leaves;

blades to 28 cm, usually flat, occasionally with involute margins, glabrous or sparsely pilose, sometimes scabrous.

Central

spikelets sessile, florets sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 2 mm;

glumes 11-25 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm wide, flattened, margins usually distinctly ciliate;

lemmas 8-14 mm long, to 2 mm wide, more or less smooth, awned, awns 20-40 mm;

lodicules glabrous or with 1+ cilia;

anthers 0.2-3.2 mm, gray to yellow, sometimes with purple spots.

floret pedicellate;

lemmas and awns shorter than those of the lateral florets;

anthers 0.9-3 mm.

Lateral

spikelets staminate, floret sessile;

glumes flattened, margins ciliate;

lemmas 8-15 mm, awned, awns 20-50 mm;

paleas 8-15 mm;

rachillas 2.5-6.5 mm, slender or gibbous, yellow.

spikelets: paleas scabrous on the lower 1/2;

anthers 1.2-3.2 mm;

rachillas about 0.25 mm, pale.

2n

= 14, 28, 42.

= 14, 28, 42.

Hordeum murinum

Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; ID; MA; MD; ME; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; HI; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hordeum murinum is native to Eurasia, where it is a common weed in areas of human disturbance. It is thought to have originated around seasides, sandy riverbanks, and animal watering holes. It is now an established weed in the southwestern Flora region and other scattered locations. The records in Alaska are from the Anchorage area. Prostrate plants are associated with grazing. Three subspecies are recognized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum grows in waste places, roadsides, and disturbed areas in arid regions. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is now established in the Flora region, being most common in the western United States. A hexaploid cytotype has been found in Turkey, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and Iran. It has been named H. leporinum var. simulans Bowden. It is treated here as part of H. murinum subsp. leporinum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Central spikelets sessile to subsessile; lemmas of the central florets subequal to those of the lateral florets, the awns longer than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets almost glabrous
subsp. murinum
1. Central spikelets pedicellate; lemmas of the central florets from subequal to shorter than those of the lateral florets, the awns from shorter to longer than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets scabrous to hairy.
→ 2
2. Lemmas of the central florets much shorter than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets scabrous on the lower 1/2; anthers of the central and lateral florets similar in size
subsp. leporinum
2. Lemmas of the central florets about equal to those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets distinctly pilose on the lower 1/2; anthers of the central florets 0.2-0.6 mm long, those of the lateral florets 1.2-1.8 mm long
subsp. glaucum
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 250. FNA vol. 24, p. 250.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum > Hordeum murinum
Sibling taxa
H. arizonicum, H. brachyantherum, H. bulbosum, H. depressum, H. intercedens, H. jubatum, H. marinum, H. pusillum, H. secalinum, H. vulgare
H. murinum subsp. glaucum, H. murinum subsp. murinum
Subordinate taxa
H. murinum subsp. glaucum, H. murinum subsp. leporinum, H. murinum subsp. murinum
Synonyms H. leporinum, Critesion murinum subsp. leporinum
Name authority L. (Link) Arcang.
Web links