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bobtail barley, vernal barley

fox-tail barley, squirrel-tail grass, squirreltail barley

Habit Plants annual; loosely tufted. Plants perennial, sometimes appearing annual; cespitose.
Culms

5-40 cm, erect to geniculate;

nodes usually pubescent.

20-80 cm, geniculate to straight, not bulbous based;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

with stripes of hairs;

ligules 0.3-0.8 mm;

auricles usually absent, shorter than 2 mm if present;

blades to 9 cm long, to 4 mm wide, both surfaces sparsely to densely hairy, hairs spreading.

glabrous or pubescent;

ligules to 0.8 mm;

auricles absent;

blades to 15 cm long, to 5 mm wide, scabrous, sometimes hairy.

Spikes

2.5-6.2 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, often partially enclosed at maturity, pale green.

3-15 cm, usually nodding, whitish green to light purplish.

Glumes

straight, usually slightly divergent at maturity.

15-85 mm long, conspicuous, bent, divergent to strongly divergent at maturity.

Central

spikelets: glumes to 17 mm long, to 0.8 mm wide basally, distinctly flattened near the base;

lemmas 4.5-7.5 mm, usually sparsely pubescent towards the base, glabrous distally, awned, awns 5.6-9.8 mm, often slightly divergent at maturity;

anthers 0.6-1.2 mm.

spikelets: glumes (15)35-85 mm, setaceous throughout, strongly spreading at maturity;

lemmas 4-8.5 mm, glabrous, awned, awns 11-90 mm, straight to ascending;

paleas 5.5-8 mm;

anthers 0.6-1.2 mm.

Lateral

spikelets usually sterile;

glumes to 17.5 mm, distinctly flattened near the base;

lemmas 1.7-4.4 mm, blunt to acute, usually unawned, rarely awned, awns to 1.2 mm.

spikelets staminate or sterile;

glumes 17-83 mm, setaceous;

lemmas 4-6.5 mm, awned;

awns 2-15 mm, divergent;

anthers 1-1.5 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 28.

Hordeum intercedens

Hordeum jubatum

Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hordeum intercedens grows in vernal pools and flooded, often saline river beds and alkaline flats. It is restricted to southwestern California, including some of the coastal islands, and northwestern Baja California, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hordeum jubatum grows in meadows and prairies around riverbeds and seasonal lakes, often in saline habitats, and along roadsides and in other disturbed sites. It is native from eastern Siberia through most of North America to Mexico, growing at elevations of 0-3000 m. It has been introduced to South America, Europe, and central Asia. It is grown in Russia and other areas outside its native range as an ornamental. In its native range, it is a weedy species.

Hordeum jubatum shows a wide range of variation in almost all characters; most such variation is not taxonomically significant. Hordeum jubatum subsp. intermedium is considered to be a subspecies of H. jubatum because no clear-cut discontinuities exist in the characters used to distinguish it from H. jubatum subsp. jubatum. These plants are fertile.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Glumes of the central spikelet 15-35 mm long; lemma awns of the central spikelets 11-35 mm long
subsp. intermedium
1. Glumes of the central spikelet 35-85 mm long; lemma awns of the central spikelets 35-90 mm long
subsp. jubatum
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 242. FNA vol. 24, p. 245.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Hordeum
Sibling taxa
H. arizonicum, H. brachyantherum, H. bulbosum, H. depressum, H. jubatum, H. marinum, H. murinum, H. pusillum, H. secalinum, H. vulgare
H. arizonicum, H. brachyantherum, H. bulbosum, H. depressum, H. intercedens, H. marinum, H. murinum, H. pusillum, H. secalinum, H. vulgare
Subordinate taxa
H. jubatum subsp. intermedium, H. jubatum subsp. jubatum
Synonyms Critesion jubatwn
Name authority Nevski L.
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