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leather-root

California hemp, large leather-root

Habit Herbs, perennial, unarmed; stoloniferous, with woody caudex or root.
Stems

erect or prostrate, often fistulose, usually pubescent and glandular-punctate;

cataphylls often present on proximalmost nodes.

erect, to 150 cm;

caudex woody;

proximalmost nodes with caducous leaves, without cataphylls.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate;

stipules present;

petiolate;

leaflets 3, blade margins entire, surfaces pubescent, glandular.

stipules erect, triangular to linear-triangular, 1.5–5 mm, sparsely glandular, densely pubescent;

petiole 0.7–6.2 cm;

leaflet blades lanceolate, 25–97 × 14–51 mm, base broadly attenuate, apex acute, surfaces less densely glandular and strigose abaxially, densely glandular and sparingly puberulent to glabrate adaxially.

Inflorescences

3–75+-flowered, axillary, pseudoracemes;

bracts soon or tardily deciduous.

ellipsoid, nodes 6–30, flowers 2 or 3 per node;

rachis 20–152 mm.

Peduncles

4.8–15 cm.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx tubular-campanulate, lobes 5, not enlarging in fruit, becoming papery, lobes longer than tube;

corolla purple, or greenish tinged violet or purple, banner biauriculate, wings auriculate, keel always shorter than other petals, connate on apical margins, glabrous;

stamens 10, monadelphous early, vexillary stamen becoming distinct;

anthers in 2 series, proximal dorsifixed, distal basifixed;

ovule 1.

calyx 4.5–9 mm, usually eglandular, sometimes lobes glandular, strigose to villose or puberulent;

corolla greenish, tinged violet or purple, banner 5.5–10 × 6–8 mm;

stamens 5.5–8 mm.

Fruits

legumes, included in calyx, longer than tube, stipitate, compressed, ovate to obovate indehiscent, eglandular, pubescent, with secondary, internal wall of sclereids.

Legumes

6–8 × 4–5 mm, sparsely strigose.

Seeds

1, reniform to ellipsoid.

reddish brown, reniform-ellipsoid, 5–7 × 3.4–4.5 mm.

x

= 11.

2n

= 20.

Hoita

Hoita macrostachya

Phenology Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Streamsides, moist places, open, disturbed areas.
Elevation 50–2300 m. (200–7500 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
nw Mexico; California
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 3 (3 in the flora).

Species of Hoita are known from streamsides to moist banks and humid wooded slopes of coastal mountains and foothills of the Sierra Nevada.

J. W. Grimes (1990) recognized only three species in Hoita, reducing four of the 11 species recognized by Rydberg to synonymy under H. macrostachya, transferring one to Otholobium C. H. Stirton, and three to Rupertia. Hoita in the sense of Grimes is distinguished from other genera of Psoraleeae by the presence of the extra, internal wall in the fruit, and it is the only genus of the tribe in which the calyx does not enlarge or change shape through flowering and fruiting. Separation of Hoita from other Psoraleeae is further validated by a molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe (A. N. Egan and K. A. Crandall 2008).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hoita macrostachya is known from the Coast Ranges and western foothills of the Sierra Nevada to northern Baja California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems prostrate.
H. orbicularis
1. Stems erect.
→ 2
2. Stipules falcately lanceolate to caudate-elliptic, 7–16 mm, erect to reflexed.
H. strobilina
2. Stipules triangular to linear-triangular, 1.5–5 mm, erect.
H. macrostachya
Source FNA vol. 11. Author: Martin F. Wojciechowski. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Hoita
Sibling taxa
H. orbicularis, H. strobilina
Subordinate taxa
H. macrostachya, H. orbicularis, H. strobilina
Synonyms Psoralea macrostachya, H. longiloba, H. villosa, P. douglasii
Name authority Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 7. (1919) (de Candolle) Rydbergin N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 9. (1919)
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