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rattlesnake hawkweed, rattlesnake weed

Habit Plants ca. 45 cm. Plants 30–60(–100+) cm.
Stems

proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–3+ mm) to glabrate, distally usually glabrous, rarely piloso-hirsute.

proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–3+ mm), distally stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular, sometimes piloso-hirsute as well (hairs 1–2+ mm).

Leaves

basal 3–6+, cauline 0–1+;

blades obovate or elliptic to oblanceolate, 40–60(–120) × 15–35(–50+) mm, lengths 2–3(–4) times widths, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes denticulate, apices rounded to acute, abaxial faces piloso-hirsute (hairs 2–5 mm) and stellate-pubescent, adaxial glabrous or piloso-hirsute (mostly near margins, hairs 2–3 mm).

basal 3–8+, cauline 1–5+;

blades (often purple-mottled) lance-elliptic to lanceolate, 50–100 × 10–50+ mm, lengths 2–5 times widths, bases usually cuneate, sometimes rounded to truncate, margins ± dentate or entire, apices acute, faces usually ± piloso-hirsute (at least near margins, hairs 1–3+ mm), sometimes glabrate.

Peduncles

usually stipitate-glandular, rarely glabrous or glabrate.

stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular.

Involucres

obconic to campanulate, 7–9 mm.

± obconic, 8–10 mm.

Florets

30–45+;

corollas yellow (sometimes pale), 7–11 mm.

40–80+;

corollas yellow, 13–18 mm.

Phyllaries

12–13+, apices acute, abaxial faces usually stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular, rarely glabrous.

ca. 21+, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular.

Calyculi

bractlets 6–10+.

bractlets 13–16+.

Heads

4–10(–20+) in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.

(1–)3–9+ in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

(usually black, sometimes red-brown) columnar, 3–4 mm;

pappi of ca. 50+, stramineous bristles in ± 2 series, 4–5 mm.

columnar, 2.5–3 mm;

pappi of 30–40+, stramineous bristles in ± 2 series, ca. 5 mm.

Hieracium venosum

Hieracium vulgatum

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Aug.
Habitat Openings in forests, sandy hillsides Disturbed sites, openings in thickets
Elevation 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON
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from FNA
CT; DE; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; Greenland; Europe
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Plants of Hieracium venosum with adaxial faces of leaf blades glabrous have been called var. nudicaule.

The type of Hieracium marianum Willdenow may have resulted from a cross between plants of H. venosum and H. gronovii or H. scabrum (M. L. Fernald 1943c).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The correct name for the species here called Hieracium vulgatum may be H. lachenallii C. C. Gmelin (E. Lepage 1971; E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 3). Plants of H. groenlandicum (stems mostly piloso-hirsute and not stipitate-glandular, corolla lobes distally ciliate) are sometimes treated as distinct from H. vulgatum in a narrow sense (stems usually stipitate-glandular and not piloso-hirsute, corolla lobes not ciliate distally).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 292. FNA vol. 19, p. 291.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Hieracium Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Hieracium
Sibling taxa
H. abscissum, H. albiflorum, H. alpinum, H. argutum, H. aurantiacum, H. bolanderi, H. brevipilum, H. caespitosum, H. carneum, H. crepidispermum, H. fendleri, H. flagellare, H. greenei, H. gronovii, H. horridum, H. lactucella, H. longiberbe, H. longipilum, H. megacephalon, H. murorum, H. nudicaule, H. paniculatum, H. parryi, H. pilosella, H. piloselloides, H. pringlei, H. robinsonii, H. sabaudum, H. scabrum, H. schultzii, H. scouleri, H. traillii, H. triste, H. umbellatum, H. vulgatum
H. abscissum, H. albiflorum, H. alpinum, H. argutum, H. aurantiacum, H. bolanderi, H. brevipilum, H. caespitosum, H. carneum, H. crepidispermum, H. fendleri, H. flagellare, H. greenei, H. gronovii, H. horridum, H. lactucella, H. longiberbe, H. longipilum, H. megacephalon, H. murorum, H. nudicaule, H. paniculatum, H. parryi, H. pilosella, H. piloselloides, H. pringlei, H. robinsonii, H. sabaudum, H. scabrum, H. schultzii, H. scouleri, H. traillii, H. triste, H. umbellatum, H. venosum
Synonyms H. venosum var. nudicaule H. amitsokense, H. groenlandicum, H. ivigtutense, H. scholanderi, H. sylowii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 800. (1753) Fries: Fl. Hall., 128. (1819)
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