The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

rough hawkweed

European hawkweed

Habit Plants (15–)30–60+ cm. Plants 9–20(–35+) cm.
Stems

proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1.5–5+ mm), sometimes stellate-pubescent as well, distally stellate-pubescent, sometimes stipitate-glandular, rarely piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–2+ mm).

proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–2+ mm), sometimes stipitate-glandular as well, distally stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular (not piloso-hirsute).

Leaves

basal 0(–3), cauline 6–24+;

blades elliptic or oblanceolate to spatulate or lanceolate, (20–)35–80(–120+) × (10–)20–35(–50+) mm, lengths 2–6+ times widths, bases cuneate to rounded-truncate, margins usually entire, sometimes denticulate, apices rounded to obtuse, faces hirtellous to piloso-hirsute (hairs 0.5–1+ mm).

basal 5–8+, cauline 0(–2+);

blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 15–40 × 5–12 mm, lengths 3–6+ times widths, bases cuneate, margins entire, apices rounded to acute, abaxial faces glabrous or piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–3+ mm), adaxial glabrous or piloso-hispid (hairs 1–3+ mm), sometimes stellate-pubescent as well.

Peduncles

stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular (hairs 0.3–0.6+ mm).

stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular (not piloso-hirsute).

Involucres

campanulate, 7–9 mm.

hemispheric, 6–8 mm.

Florets

(30–)40–60+;

corollas yellow, 9–11 mm.

40–60+;

corollas yellow, 8+ mm.

Phyllaries

13–21+, apices ± acuminate, abaxial faces stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular, rarely, if ever, piloso-hirsute.

16–21+, apices acuminate, abaxial faces stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular, sometimes piloso-hirsute (hairs 0.8–1.5+) as well.

Calyculi

bractlets 12–15+.

bractlets 9–13+.

Heads

(5–)10–25(–50+) in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.

usually 2–5+ in ± umbelliform arrays, sometimes borne singly.

Cypselae

columnar, 2.5–3 mm;

pappi of 30–40+, stramineous bristles in ± 2 series, 6–7 mm.

columnar, 1–2.5 mm;

pappi of 25–40, white bristles in 1 series, 4–5 mm.

Hieracium scabrum

Hieracium lactucella

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Sandy soils, open, disturbed sites (fields, stream sides), wooded sites Pastures, fields
Elevation 10–300+ m (0–1000+ ft) 10+ m (0+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NY; NS; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

According to A. E. Roland and M. Zinck (1998), Hieracium auricula Linnaeus and Pilosella auricula (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus have been misapplied to plants here called H. lactucella (see also discussion at 5. H. caespitosum).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 288. FNA vol. 19, p. 284.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Hieracium Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Hieracium
Sibling taxa
H. abscissum, H. albiflorum, H. alpinum, H. argutum, H. aurantiacum, H. bolanderi, H. brevipilum, H. caespitosum, H. carneum, H. crepidispermum, H. fendleri, H. flagellare, H. greenei, H. gronovii, H. horridum, H. lactucella, H. longiberbe, H. longipilum, H. megacephalon, H. murorum, H. nudicaule, H. paniculatum, H. parryi, H. pilosella, H. piloselloides, H. pringlei, H. robinsonii, H. sabaudum, H. schultzii, H. scouleri, H. traillii, H. triste, H. umbellatum, H. venosum, H. vulgatum
H. abscissum, H. albiflorum, H. alpinum, H. argutum, H. aurantiacum, H. bolanderi, H. brevipilum, H. caespitosum, H. carneum, H. crepidispermum, H. fendleri, H. flagellare, H. greenei, H. gronovii, H. horridum, H. longiberbe, H. longipilum, H. megacephalon, H. murorum, H. nudicaule, H. paniculatum, H. parryi, H. pilosella, H. piloselloides, H. pringlei, H. robinsonii, H. sabaudum, H. scabrum, H. schultzii, H. scouleri, H. traillii, H. triste, H. umbellatum, H. venosum, H. vulgatum
Synonyms H. scabrum var. intonsum, H. scabrum var. leucocaule, H. scabrum var. tonsum
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 86. (1803) Wallroth: Sched. Crit., 408. (1822)
Web links