Hibiscus trionum |
Hibiscus moscheutos |
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bladder ketmia, flower-of-an-hour, ketmie trilobée, modesty, rosemallow, Venice mallow, Venice rose-mallow |
common rose-mallow, crimsoneyed rosemallow, swamp rose-mallow |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, to 0.6(–1) m, herbage throughout with mixture of coarse, simple or few-armed stellate hairs and fine, many-armed stellate hairs. | Herbs, perennial, to 2.5 m. Stems glabrous or variously hairy, but without line of curved hairs. | ||||
Stems | also with line of fine, curved hairs extending from node to node. |
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Leaves | linear, 1–2.5 cm, margins ± ciliate. |
stipules subulate, 1–4 mm; petiole 1/4–3/4 blade, glabrate or finely hairy; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate to triangular-ovate or orbiculate, 3-lobed or unlobed, 8–20 × 3–13 cm, base cordate to cuneate, margins crenate to dentate or serrate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces variously hairy, sometimes glabrous adaxially, nectary absent. |
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Inflorescences | solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves, pedicels of later-produced flowers often adnate to subtending petioles. |
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Pedicels | variously jointed sub-basally to distally, 2–15 cm, 1/2–1 1/2 as long as petiole, glabrate or finely hairy; involucellar bractlets [8–]10–14[or 15], linear-lanceolate, 0.5–4.5(–5) cm, margins ciliate or not, hairy. |
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Flowers | lasting a few hours, ascending or erect; calyx divided 1/2 length, campanulate, 0.8–1.8 cm, accrescent and conspicuously inflating to enclose fruit, becoming scarious, primary veins zigzag, lobes broadly trullate, apices acute, nectaries absent; corolla rotate, petals yellow or cream with conspicuous purple-brown spot basally, purplish abaxially where exposed in bud, obovate to broadly obovate, 1.5–3(–4) × 1–2(–3) cm, apical margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column dark red to purple, 0.4–0.7(–1.1) cm, abruptly expanded below to form cup over ovary, bearing filaments in distal 1/2, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–3(–5) mm; pollen yellow-orange; styles usually white to cream, yellowish, or maroon, 2–3(–6) mm; stigmas dark red to purple. |
± horizontal to slightly declinate; calyx divided 1/2–2/3 length, broadly campanulate, 1.5–4 cm, somewhat larger in fruit, lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, apices acute to subcaudate, surfaces hairy, nectaries absent; corolla funnelform to broadly so, petals pink or white, sometimes with red spot basally, narrowly to broadly, obliquely obovate, 4–12 × 3.5–6.5 cm, margins repand, sometimes undulate, minutely hairy abaxially mostly where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, white or cream, 1.2–5 cm, to 1/2 as long as petals, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–8 mm; pollen yellow; styles white, 10–40 mm; stigmas creamy white to yellow. |
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Capsules | dark brown-black, ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.2–1.5 cm, apex obtuse to broadly acute, hairy. |
dark brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1.4–3.5 cm, apex apiculate, glabrous or hairy. |
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Seeds | dark gray-brown, reniform-ovoid, somewhat depressed laterally, 2–2.5 mm, sparingly and minutely papillose. |
brown, reniform-globose, 2.5–3 mm, verrucose-papillose. |
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2n | = 28, 56 (both cultivars). |
= 38. |
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Hibiscus trionum |
Hibiscus moscheutos |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Nov. | |||||
Habitat | Cultivated and waste places | |||||
Elevation | 10–1800 m (0–5900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies (Jamaica)]
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AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; n Mexico [Introduced in Europe (sw France, n Italy, nw Portugal), Asia (Georgia)]
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Discussion | Hibiscus trionum is occasionally cultivated. It is native in Africa, Eurasia, and perhaps also in parts of New Zealand and Australia, where both diploids and tetraploids occur (B. G. Murray et al. 2008). Most wild plants in North America have low, widely spreading branches; some cultivated forms are strictly erect and much taller than the weedy forms. Three species have been segregated from Hibiscus trionum in Australia and New Zealand (L. A. Craven et al. 2011), and the name H. trionum has now been lectotypified (D. Iamonico and L. Peruzzi 2014). A further splitting of the species in other parts of its range might consequently affect the name of plants in the flora area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 266. | FNA vol. 6, p. 262. | ||||
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 697. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 693. (1753) | ||||
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