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bladder ketmia, flower-of-an-hour, ketmie trilobée, modesty, rosemallow, Venice mallow, Venice rose-mallow

common rose-mallow, crimsoneyed rosemallow, swamp rose-mallow

Habit Herbs, annual, to 0.6(–1) m, herbage throughout with mixture of coarse, simple or few-armed stellate hairs and fine, many-armed stellate hairs. Herbs, perennial, to 2.5 m. Stems glabrous or variously hairy, but without line of curved hairs.
Stems

also with line of fine, curved hairs extending from node to node.

Leaves

linear, 1–2.5 cm, margins ± ciliate.

stipules subulate, 1–4 mm;

petiole 1/4–3/4 blade, glabrate or finely hairy;

blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate to triangular-ovate or orbiculate, 3-lobed or unlobed, 8–20 × 3–13 cm, base cordate to cuneate, margins crenate to dentate or serrate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces variously hairy, sometimes glabrous adaxially, nectary absent.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves, pedicels of later-produced flowers often adnate to subtending petioles.

Pedicels

variously jointed sub-basally to distally, 2–15 cm, 1/2–1 1/2 as long as petiole, glabrate or finely hairy;

involucellar bractlets [8–]10–14[or 15], linear-lanceolate, 0.5–4.5(–5) cm, margins ciliate or not, hairy.

Flowers

lasting a few hours, ascending or erect;

calyx divided 1/2 length, campanulate, 0.8–1.8 cm, accrescent and conspicuously inflating to enclose fruit, becoming scarious, primary veins zigzag, lobes broadly trullate, apices acute, nectaries absent;

corolla rotate, petals yellow or cream with conspicuous purple-brown spot basally, purplish abaxially where exposed in bud, obovate to broadly obovate, 1.5–3(–4) × 1–2(–3) cm, apical margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud;

staminal column dark red to purple, 0.4–0.7(–1.1) cm, abruptly expanded below to form cup over ovary, bearing filaments in distal 1/2, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–3(–5) mm;

pollen yellow-orange;

styles usually white to cream, yellowish, or maroon, 2–3(–6) mm;

stigmas dark red to purple.

± horizontal to slightly declinate;

calyx divided 1/2–2/3 length, broadly campanulate, 1.5–4 cm, somewhat larger in fruit, lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, apices acute to subcaudate, surfaces hairy, nectaries absent;

corolla funnelform to broadly so, petals pink or white, sometimes with red spot basally, narrowly to broadly, obliquely obovate, 4–12 × 3.5–6.5 cm, margins repand, sometimes undulate, minutely hairy abaxially mostly where exposed in bud;

staminal column straight, white or cream, 1.2–5 cm, to 1/2 as long as petals, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–8 mm;

pollen yellow;

styles white, 10–40 mm;

stigmas creamy white to yellow.

Capsules

dark brown-black, ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.2–1.5 cm, apex obtuse to broadly acute, hairy.

dark brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1.4–3.5 cm, apex apiculate, glabrous or hairy.

Seeds

dark gray-brown, reniform-ovoid, somewhat depressed laterally, 2–2.5 mm, sparingly and minutely papillose.

brown, reniform-globose, 2.5–3 mm, verrucose-papillose.

2n

= 28, 56 (both cultivars).

= 38.

Hibiscus trionum

Hibiscus moscheutos

Phenology Flowering Jul–Nov.
Habitat Cultivated and waste places
Elevation 10–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies (Jamaica)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; n Mexico [Introduced in Europe (sw France, n Italy, nw Portugal), Asia (Georgia)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hibiscus trionum is occasionally cultivated. It is native in Africa, Eurasia, and perhaps also in parts of New Zealand and Australia, where both diploids and tetraploids occur (B. G. Murray et al. 2008). Most wild plants in

North America have low, widely spreading branches; some cultivated forms are strictly erect and much taller than the weedy forms.

Three species have been segregated from Hibiscus trionum in Australia and New Zealand (L. A. Craven et al. 2011), and the name H. trionum has now been lectotypified (D. Iamonico and L. Peruzzi 2014). A further splitting of the species in other parts of its range might consequently affect the name of plants in the flora area.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Capsules glabrous; involucellar bractlets usually not ciliate; leaf blade surfaces usually glabrous adaxially; mostly e of Mississippi River.
subsp. moscheutos
1. Capsules hairy; involucellar bractlets usually ciliate; leaf blade surfaces usually hairy adaxially; mostly w of Mississippi River, Florida.
subsp. lasiocarpos
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 266. FNA vol. 6, p. 262.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus
Sibling taxa
H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. moscheutos, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. schizopetalus, H. striatus, H. syriacus
H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. schizopetalus, H. striatus, H. syriacus, H. trionum
Subordinate taxa
H. moscheutos subsp. lasiocarpos, H. moscheutos subsp. moscheutos
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 697. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 693. (1753)
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