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Chinese lantern, fringe rose-mallow or hibiscus, fringe rosemallow

swamp rose-mallow

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 3(–5) m. Stems: new growth essentially glabrous, lines of curved hairs absent. Herbs, perennial, to 3 m. Stems glabrous or rarely stellate-hairy on younger parts, without line of minute, curved length 1/2–1 times petioles, glabrate or finely hairy; involucellar bractlets 9–13, linear-subulate, 1.3–2.7 cm, margins not ciliate, velvety-hairy.
Leaves

stipules narrowly triangular, 1–2.5 mm;

petiole to 1/3 blade, adaxial groove hairy with minute, ± sinuous hairs;

blade lanceolate-ovate to ovate, unlobed, 3.5–10.5 × 1.5–4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins coarsely serrate in distal 2/3–3/4, apex acute to short-acuminate, ± pinnately veined, surfaces glabrate, nectary present abaxially on midvein near base.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves.

Pedicels

jointed at middle or distally, 7.5–15 cm;

involucellar bractlets 6–8, triangular, 0.06–0.18 cm, margins not ciliate.

Flowers

pendulous;

calyx divided 1/8–1/2 length, often 3-lobed, tubular to narrowly funnelform, (1–)1.4–2 cm, lobes broadly triangular, apices acute to obtuse, glabrate, neither accrescent nor inflated, nectaries absent;

petals strongly recurved, rose-pink to red, darker on veins, broadly to narrowly obovate, deeply and irregularly pinnatifid-laciniate, 4–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, glabrous;

staminal column straight or curved apically, pendulous, pink to red, 5.5–9 cm, bearing filaments in distal 1/3–1/2, free portion of filaments not secund, 4.5–7.5 mm;

pollen yellow;

styles pink to red, 7–15 mm;

stigmas pink to red.

horizontal or ascending;

calyx divided to ± middle, broadly campanulate, 2.9–6 cm, larger in fruit, lobes triangular, apices acute to subcaudate, velvety-hairy, nectaries absent;

corolla broadly to narrowly funnelform, petals pale pink to white, red basally, narrowly obovate, usually not conspicuously overlapping, 8.5–14 × 4–8.5 cm, apical margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud;

staminal column straight, pink to white, 6.2–9.5 cm, length 2/3 petals, bearing filaments throughout its length, free portion of filaments secund, 3–9 mm;

pollen yellow;

styles white, 7–17 mm;

stigmas yellow.

Capsules

brown, oblong-cylindric, 3.5–4 cm, glabrous or puberulent.

light to dark brown, ovoid to subglobose, 2.2–3.5 cm, apex apiculate, hispid with simple, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown hairs.

Seeds

brown, angulately reniform-ovoid, 2–3 mm, smooth, glabrous or puberulent.

brown to reddish brown, reniform-globose, 2.8–3.1 mm, verrucose-papillose.

2n

= 34, 40, 42, 45 (all cultivars).

= 38.

Hibiscus schizopetalus

Hibiscus grandiflorus

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering (May–)Jun–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Disturbed sites Freshwater and brackish marshes
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–20 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; e Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, s Asia, elsewhere in Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; West Indies (w Cuba)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Apparently native only in Kenya, Tanzania, and perhaps Mozambique, Hibiscus schizopetalus is widely cultivated in the Tropics and occasionally escapes. The occurrence in many H. rosa-sinensis cultivars of semipendulous, long-pedicelled flowers with variously

crenate, undulate petals suggests the involvement of H. schizopetalus. Hybrids between H. schizopetalus and H. rosa-sinensis can be called H. ×archeri W. Watson. Typification of H. schizopetalus was discussed by M. Cheek (1989).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The flowers of Hibiscus grandiflorus first open in the evening, emit a pleasant fragrance, and are pollinated by sphingid moths (O. J. Blanchard 1976). It is relatively common only in Florida. Hibiscus grandiflorus is sometimes cultivated and has been found to be hardy as far north as Illinois (S. R. Hill, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 261. FNA vol. 6, p. 263.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus
Sibling taxa
H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. moscheutos, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. striatus, H. syriacus, H. trionum
H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. moscheutos, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. schizopetalus, H. striatus, H. syriacus, H. trionum
Synonyms H. rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus H. urbanii
Name authority (Dyer) Hooker f.: Bot. Mag. 106: plate 6524. (1880) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 46. (1803)
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